Julius Kambarage Nyerere cyangwa se Mwalimu Nyerere yavukiye ku butaka bwa Butiama muri Tanganyika muri Werurwe 1922.
Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Tanganyika yigenga mu 1961, nyuma aba Perezida wa Tanzania yari yihuje na Tanyanyika biba igihugu kimwe (Tanzania) mu 1964.
Se wa Nyerere yari umuyobozo w’ubwoko bwitwa Zanaki. Yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Tabora, kaminuza ayiga muri Makerere muri Uganda.
Mbere y’uko akomereza muri Kaminuza ya Edinburg, Nyerere yabanje kwigira mu mashuri ya Kiliziya Gatolika. Bivugwa ko ari we wa mbere muri Tanganyika wize mu Bwongereza, ahiga Amateka n’Ubukungu maze mu 1952 agaruka kwigisha ku ivuko.
Nyerere yinjiye muri politiki, umuryango wa League of Nations wari warashyizweho n’Ubwongereza yawuhinduyemo uwunze ubumwe (United Nations), byose ku bwo gushaka ubwigenge bw’igihugu.
Yakomeje kwinjira cyane muri politiki, ajya no mu muryango wa Tanganyika Africa Association, agirirwa ikizere maze mu 1954 arawuyobora. Uyu muryango yahise awugira uwa politiki maze witwa Tanganyika African Nation Union (TANU), TANU iba umuryango wazanye impinduka nyinshi mu miyoborere.
Uburinganire muri rubanda no kurwanya ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose ni byo TANU yimakaje.
Mu nama z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yagiyemo mu 1955 n’ 1956 zabereye i New York habaye impaka ndende, Nyerere yabajije itariki izatangarizwaho ubwigenge bwa Tanganyika ariko Ubwongereza bwayitegekaga burabyanga, gusa igitekerezo cyasigaye mu mitwe y’abazitabiriye.
Mu buryo bwo kumworoshya, Ubwongereza bwamushize mu kanama gashing amategeko muri Tanganyika ariko yeguye mu 1957 kubera ko yabonaga nta gikorwa ku cyifuzo cye.
Yakomeje kurwana urugamba kugeza ubwo TANU yegukanye imyanya 70 muri 71 mu nteko ishinga amategeko mu 1960, biba inzira iganisha Tanganyika ku bwigenge bwabaye mu 1961.
Ubwo Tanganyika yabaga Repubulika mu 1962, Nyerere yatorewe kuyiyobora kugeza mu 1985 ubwo yahaye umwanya Ali Hassan Mwinyi ariko akomeza kuyobora ishyaka rya politiki rya Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM).
Nyerere yahurije hamwe abahinzi n’aborozi kugira ngo bahuze imbaraga, ashishikariza imbaga nyamwinshi kwiga ndetse yemera ko buri wese yigira ubuntu.
Mwalimu Nyerere yifuzaga ko igihugu cye cyihaza aho gutegereza inkunga ziturutse mu mahanga. Yari umuntu wumvaga neza imbaraga zo kwihuza mu bikorwa bitandukanye biteza imbere igihugu ndetse n’abaturage ubwabo.
Nyerere ari mu baharaniye ubumwe b’Afurika, akaba n’uwari ufite ijambo mu nama ndetse mu bikorwa bitandukanye byakorerwaga kuri uyu mugabane muri za 1970.
Yagize uruhare runini mu kurwanya ivangura n’ihezwa ry’abirabura ryaberaga muri Afurika y’Epfo (Apartheid) ndetse bikavugwa ko yafashije icyahoze Rhodesia (ubu ni Zimbabwe) na Namibia (Yahoze ari Afurika y’Amajyepfo y’Uburengerazuba) kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’ab’uruhu rwera.
Nyerere yari umwanditsi w’ibitabo byose byaganishaga ku bumwe b’abaturage ndetse n’Afurika muri rusange. Yanditse ibitabo nka Uhuru na Umoja (Ubwigenge n’Ubumwe, 1967), Uhuru na Ujamaa (Ubwigenge n’Ubuvandimwe, 1968) na Uhuru na Maendeleo (Ubwigenge n’Iterambere, 1973).
Nyerere ari mu batangije Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe watangiye witwa Organisation of African Unity mu 1963, mu 2002 witwa African Union ubu ukaba ufite icyicaro i Addis Ababa muri Ethipia.
Zimwe mu ntego nyamukuru za AU uguteza imbere ubumwe, ubufatanye n’ubukungu bw’ibihugu biwugize kandi haracyitezwe byinshi bizagerwaho.
Julius Nyerere yatabarukiye i Londre mu Bwongereza ku wa 14 Ukwakira 1999, asige impano n’ubu abayobozi n’abatuye Afurika bakimwirahira cyane ko ingaruka z’ibyo yaharaniye zikitugeraho.
