Ni iki ibindi bihugu bya Afurika byabigiraho?

Ibi bikuriwe na karundura ya byose ari yo; gusahura umutungo wa rubanda ahagamije kuwigwizaho, bagakungahara mu gihe rubanda rwa giseseka rwicira isazi mu jisho, rugahuhurwa n’isari.

Iki kiba nyamukuru cyane kuko ibisahurwa biba bivanwa n’aho bitari. Ariko nanone, nta bapfira gushira nk’uko Umunyarwanda yabigarutseho, hari aho amateka atwereka ingero z’aho ibyananiranye haruguru byashobotse.

Muri iki gitekerezo, ndibanda ku bijyanye n’ubutegetsi muri Tanzania aho nemeza ntashidikanya ko hari icyo abandi bategetsi muri Afurika bakwigira ku baperezida batatu: Benjamin William Mkapa (1995-2005), Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete 2005-2015 na Dr. John Joseph Pombe Magufuli (2015-Ubu).

Kubaha no kudahindagura itegeko nshinga

Witegereje igihe Mkapa na Kikwete bamaze ku butegetsi, wagira ngo ni rya somo ryo mu mibare bitaga ‘Mbare’ mu mwaka w’amashuri wa kabiri w’abanza. Ni manda ebyiri z’imyaka itanu kuri buri umwe zitongerwa.

Iki ni icya mbere abandi bategetsi mbona bakwiriye kwigira kuri aba bayobozi kuko batigeze bahirahira ngo bajye mu byo guhindura itegeko nshinga ngo bakomeze barambe ku butegetsi. Baryubahirije uko ryakabaye kandi igihe bamaze ku butegetsi bagiriye ibihugu byabo akamaro, atari bimwe bya ba bandi ngo “ Hari imishinga ntararangiza, nk’aho nta wundi wayishobora mu gihugu.”

Guhindura itegeko nshinga byabaye itetu kuri bamwe mu bategetsi muri Afurika

Washington mu 2016 yanditse ko hagati ya 2005 kugeza mu 2015, ibihugu birimo Senegal, Gabon, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Sudan, Eriterea, Burundi, Burkinafaso, Repubulika ya Congo, Uganda, Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo ndetse n’u Rwanda (abaturage ni bo babisabye) habayeho kugerageza guhindura itegeko nshinga.

Hari abo bitakundiye nka Frederick Chiluba muri 2001 na vuba aha Edgar Lungu wa Zambia, Olusegun Obesanjo wa Nigeria (2005), Mamadou Tandja muri Niger(2009-2010) na Blaise Compaore muri Burkino Faso (2014).

Iyi nkundura yo guhindura itegeko nshinga kandi isiga hari abaturage, abatavuga rumwe na Leta babigendeyemo. Akabarore ni mu Burundi aho Perezida Nkurunziza washaka manda ya gatatu itaravuzweho rumwe, byatumye abenshi bahagwa, ibihumbi byinshi by’abaturage bifata iy’ubuhungiro.

Nyamara, itegeko nshinga rihindurwa mu gihe aba bategetsi baba barahiye bavuga ko bazaryubaha kuko ari ryo riba rikuriye andi yose igihugu kigenderaho.

Kwimakaza ubumwe bw’abenegihugu

Guharanira ko abaturage b’igihugu baba umwe, hirindwa amacakubiri yaba ashingiye ku bitwererwa ko ari amoko, uturere, igitsina, ibara ry’uruhu n’ibindi.

Uyu murage wo kurwanya ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose wasizwe na Mwalimu Kambarage Julius Nyerere. Mu mbwirwaruhame ze yumvikanye kenshi yihanangiriza abayobozi ko “ Akazi kabo ari ukugira abaturage ikintu kimwe.” Hagendewe ku by’amoko (tribalism) ngira ngo ibihugu nka Tanzania nticyaba kiri uko kimeze ubu.

Muri Tanzania, habarurwa ubwoko (tribes) burenga ijana. Gusa ntibijya byumvikana ko hari imvururu z’amoko. Ibi byagizwemo uruhare n’ubuyobozi, ntibivuze ko hatari ababa bafite ingengabitekerezo yo kubigenderaho ariko nta mwanya bahawe. Ibi abaturage babigira umuco bityo n’umuntu uganisha muri icyo cyerekezo baramwagana.

Urugero mu Gushyingo 1995, ubwo John Cheyo, umwe mu bahataniraga kuba umukuru w’igihugu yarihingutsaga akavuga ko “ Wasukuma (ubwoko bwe ari na bumwe mu bwinshi muri Tanzania) bukwiriye kujya muri politiki ku bwinshi” yaranenzwe cyane, aramaganwa, ashinjwa gushyira ubwoko imbere mu nyungu za politiki ze.

Mu bihugu nk’u Rwanda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Uburundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Angola, Nigeria, Sudani y’Epfo, biracyagashwe n’icyo kibazo yewe bamwe bahisemo kugabana ubutegetsi ari iyo ngingo bagendeyeho.

Impuguke muri politiki yo muri Kenya, Mutahi Ngunyi nk’uko BBC yabitangaje, avuga ko ikibazo cy’amoko Nyerere yagikemuye kare. Yavuze ko “ Kuba yarashyizeho ururimi rumwe (Swahili) ari kimwe mu byakozwe mu rwego rwo gutanga ikiranga Abanya-Tanzania kimwe.”

Koroherana muri Politiki

Nkeka ko nta muntu utaravuze rumwe n’aba baperezida nagarutseho bayasabye ko yicwa kubera ko hari ibyo atumvikanaho na we.

Kuri iyi ngingo nadagaruka ku kibazo cya Depite Tundu Lisu, warashwe kuri iyi ngoma ya Perezida Magufuli. Biracyari mu iperereza bityo ntibirasobanuka.

Ishyaka Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ryagiye ryegukana insinzi idasubirwaho mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu. Abo muri Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo nabo bagiye begukana imyanya mu nteko kimwe n’abandi bo muri Wazalendo.

Ubu bwumvikane bwatumye Tanzania itagira umutwe w’inyeshyamba uyirwanya uvuga ko hari ibyo uharanira waburanye ubutegetsi buriho. Abaperezida b’iki gihugu bazira urw’ikirago nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi, nta we uhita afata iy’ubuhungiro, umunyururu hari ibyo ashinjwa.

Ibi muri afurika hari aho bitarashoboka, aho perezida agomba kuvaho yishwe cyangwa agafungwa, agahirikwa ku butegetsi se cyangwa agakomeza gutungwa agatoki ko yiba amatora ngo akomeze ategeke.

Kuri iyi ngingo, Tanzania yabera byinshi mu bihugu bya Afurika umwarimu mwiza ku kigero cy’aho ari kimwe mu bihugu bike byasuwe n’uwari Perezida wa Amerika, Barack Obama hagendewe ku iyubahirizwa ry’amahame ya demukarasi.

Gucunga neza ibya rubanda

Twagiye twumva benshi mu bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika ari bamwe mu beza mu gusesagura na duke ibihugu byabo bifite. Ngizo ingendo z’indege z’urudaca. Kuri iyi ngingo, Perezida wa Zambia Edgar Lungu byageze aho bamwita “perezida w’umukerarugendo” (tourist president), imodoka zihenze, amazu ahenze bagura iyo i Bulayi, abana babo biga iyo mu mahanga nyamara mu gihugu mu imbere abaturage bicwa n’inzara n’ubukene.

Si ibyo gusa kuko mu kunyereza umutungo mu byiswe Panama Papers benshi bagarutsweho.

Abaperezida ba Tanzania bazwiho kudasesagura umutungo w’igihugu bitabira inama za hato na hato, nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi bakomeza indi mirimo isanzwe. Perezida Mukapa yatunzwe intoki ku bw’indege ya Perezidansi ndetse n’intwaro zikaze yari yaguze, ariko nta n’ibyo yashyize mu mufuka we.

Abandi bo barabyaha kandi ntibabihe abenegihugu, bakabigabira udutsiko bari kumwe ku butegetsi. Ibindi bakabijyana iyo mu mahanga.

Umenye uko bamwe mu bategetsi bo muri Afurika barwanira kugira imigabane mu makompanyi akomeye ku Isi, byagutera kwibaza aho usesagura ni nde?

Aba bagabo uko ari batatu si bamwe mu baza ku ntonde z’abagwije imitungo muri Afurika.

Nta byera ngo de ariko nibura Afurika ikwiriye kwigira kuri aba bagabo. Ntacyo dukwiriye guhitamo hagati ya demukarasi n’ubukungu, byose Afurika turabikeneye.