Kuva mu bwami bwa Ottoman kugeza kuri Manda y’Ubwongereza,intambara y’iminsi itadatu ,amasezerano atandukanye byagiye bikorwa, ariko kugeza nubu Palesitine iracyarwana nuko yabona ubwigenge.
Amakimbirane amaze igihe kinini hagati ya Pelestine na Israel ni amwe mu yaranze akarere k’uburasirazuba bwo hagati ndetse akaba yarateje intambara zidashira muri ako karere kugeza na nubu.Kugira ngo dusobamukirwe aya makimbirane turasubira inyuma cyane guhera mu myaka ya 1900 ubwo igihugu cya Palestine aricyo cyabagaho kikaba cyari intara y’ubwami bwa Ottoman, bumwe mu bwami bwari bwarigaruriye ibice byinshi byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati.
Kuva mu bwami bwa Ottoman kugeza kuri Manda y’Ubwongereza
Mu mwaka wa 1916 habayeho amasezerano yahuje Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza akaba yarateganyaga guha Ubwongereza uburengazira bwo kugira Palestine indagizo. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho habayeho icyo bise ( Balfour Declaration) iyi mvugo yakomotse ku wahoze ari minisitre w’intebe w’Ubwongereza Arthur Balfour warushyigikiye ko bayahudi bagaruka mu gihugu cyabo cyari cyarahindutse Palestine.
Umuryango w’ibihugu (Societé de nations Unies) mu mwaka wa 1922, watanze integuza yo guha Ubwongereza manda yo kuragira Palesitine. Nyuma y’imyivumbagatanyo y’Abarabu yabaye mu 1936 yatangiye kurwanya umushinga Abongereza bari badukanye wahaga urwaho abayahudi batangira kwimukira muri Palestine bavuye mu mahanga. Raporo ya komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano mu Bwongereza yasabye ko Palesitine yagabanywamo igihugu cy’Abayahudi gihabwa 33% by’ubutaka.
Ibi byari gutuma haboneka ibihugu bibiri: “Igihugu cy’Abayahudi” n’igihugu cy’Abarabu”.
Mu 1947 Muri Gashyantare, Ubwongereza bwashyikirije Loni ikibazo cya Palesitine. Mu Gushyingo, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye n’ubwo intumwa z’Abarabu zamaganaga uyu mwanzuru wo kugabanyamo igihugu kabiri yemeje Umwanzuro 181 usaba ko Palesitine yagabanywamo ibihugu bibiri igihugu cy’Abayahudi” n’igihugu cy’Abarabu maze Yeruzalemu ikagenzurwa na LONU.
Ubwo manda y’Ubwongereza yarangiraga mu 1948 yo kugenzura Palesitine, David Ben-Gurion icyo gihe wari perezida w’inama nkuru y’Abayahudi yatangaje ubwigenge bw’igihugu cya Isiraheli ku ya 14 Gicurasi bityo igihugu cy’Abaheburayo cyongera kuvuka bwa kabiri icyo gihe kikaba cyaragenzuraga 77% by’ubutaka bwose ibintu byahise biteza imyivumbagatanyo hagati y’Abarabu n’Abayahudi nanone
Mu 1949 hemejwe ihagarikwa ry’imirwano bigizwemo uruhane na Lonu bituma Yorodaniya igenzura inkombe z’uburengerazuba na Yeruzalemu y’iburasirazuba, naho akarere ka Gaza kayoborwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Misiri. Muri uwo mwaka inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje Icyemezo 273 cyemerera Isiraheli kuba umunyamuryango wa Loni hanyuma mu mwaka wakurikiyeho Isiraheli yimuye umurwa mukuru wayo wari i Tel Aviv iwuzana mu burengerazuba bwa Yeruzalemu.
Mu 1964 Ishyirahamwe ryo kwibohora rya Palesitine (PLO) ryavukiye i Cairo mu Misiri aho ryifuzaga kuganira no gukora amasezerano y’amahoro mpuzamahanga mu izina rya Palesitine.
Intambara y’iminsi itandatu yahinduye imipaka
Mu 1967 Intambara ya gatatu y’Abarabu na Isiraheli cyangwa Intambara y’iminsi itandatu yatangiye hagati y’itariki ya 5 na 10 Kamena itsinda ingabo z’ibihugu by’Abarabu kandi ihindura ikarita y’iburasirazuba bwo hagati.
Leta y’Abayahudi yigaruriye inkombe y’Iburengerazuba na Yeruzalemu y’Iburasirazuba, Agace ka Gaza, Igice cya Sinayi, n’imisozi ya Golan muri Siriya. Guverinoma ya Isiraheli ishyira mu bikorwa politiki yo gukoroniza uturere twigaruriwe.
Mu 1974 Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeye uburenganzira bw’Abanyapalestine bwo kwishyira ukizana no kwigenga kandi iha umwanya indorerezi za PLO mu muryango.
Intifada ya mbere
Mu 1987 hatangiye Intifada intambara y’amabuye yatangijwe n’abarabu itangirira mu karere ka Gaza kandi ihita ikwira ku nkombe y’Iburengerazuba. Yabaye imyigaragambyo ikomeye cyane yari igamije kwigarurira igihugu cya Isiraheli, ikaba yarabiciye kugeza mu 1993 maze igarura ikibazo cya Palesitine ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Muri iyo myigaragambyo kandi niho havutse umutwe w’abayisilamu Hamas, uharanira isenywa rya Leta ya Isiraheli, umutwe waje gushyirwa ku rutonde rw’iterabwoba.
Mu 1988 habaye inama rukokoma yabereye muri Alijeriya bityo inteko ishinga amategeko ya PLO itangaza igihugu cyigenga cya Palesitine gifite umurwa mukuru Yeruzalemu y’iburasirazuba ndetse icyo gihe cyemera byimazeyo igihugu cya Isiraheli .
Nyuma yamasezerano ya Oslo, habonekaga ibyiringiro byigihugu cya Palesitine
Mu 1993 umuyobozi wa PLO, Yasser Arafat na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Isiraheli Yitzhak Rabin, bashyize umukono ku itangazo ry’amahame yerekeye ubwigenge bwa Palesitine. Ibiganiro byabaye rwihishwa muri Noruveje aho aya masezerano bakunze kuyita “Amasezerano ya Oslo” mu gihe i Washington aya masezerano akaba yaragombaga kugaruka ku mipaka ya 1967 yagombaga gusiga palestine ibaye igihugu cyigenga.
Mu 1995 habayeho Amasezerano ya Oslo II yagabanyaga inkombe y’intara ya West Bank mu turere dutatu: Agace A kagombaga kugenzurwa n’Abanyapalestine, agace ka B kakaba munsi y’ubugenzuzi buhuriweho n’impande zombi naho akarere C kagereranya ibice birenga 60% by’ubutaka bwagombaga kugenda buhoro buhoro mu maboko ya Palesitine ariko bugakomeza kugenzurwa n’ingabo za Isiraheli. Gusa hasigaye ikibazo cya Yeruzaremu.
Mu 1996, habaye amatora ya mbere y’Abanyapalestine, maze Yasser Arafat atorerwa kuba umuyobozi w’ubuyobozi bwa Palesitine mu gihe mu 1998 Bill Clinton yabaye perezida wa mbere w’Amerika wakiriye uruzinduko rwemewe n’igihugu cya Palesitine.
Guhangana hagati ya banyaparesitine ubwabo
Mu 2000 harose Intifada ya kabiri izwi kandi ku izina rya “al-Aqsa Intifada,” yasandaye bukeye bwaho ubwo umuyobozi w’ishyaka ry’iburyo rya Isiraheli rya Likud, Ariel Sharon yasuye umusigiti wa Al Aqsa ahafatwa nkahera ku Basiramu i yeruzalemu.
Mu 2002 umuryango w’Abarabu (Ligue Arabe) wemejwe mu 2002 maze usubukura ibiganiro mu 2007 uteganya ko habaho umubano w’ibihugu by’Abarabu na Isiraheli kugira ngo Isiraheli ive mu turere tw’Abarabu yigaruriye kuva muri Kamena 1967 no gushyiraho igihugu cya Palesitine hamwe na Yeruzalemu y’iburasirazuba nk’umurwa mukuru wacyo.
Muri uwo mwaka akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano kemeje icyemezo 1397 cyemezaga ko ibibazo by’ibihugu byombi bibonerwa igisubizo.
Mu 2005, Mahmoud Abbas yatorewe kuba Perezida w’ubutegetsi bwa Palesitine ni nyuma yimyaka 38 Israel igenzura uduce twa Palestine maze icyo gihe yemera kuva mu karere ka Gaza.
Mu 2007 Hamas yatsinze amatora y’abadepite yari yateguwe mu 2006 maze yigarurira akarere ka Gaza ku ngufu, bituma ubuyobozi bwa Palesitine bwari buyobowe na Abass buvaho gutyo muri ako gace.
Kwinjira kwa Leta ya Palestine mu miryango mpuzamahanga
Mu 2011 Perezida wa Palesitine Mahmoud Abbas yatanze icyifuzo cya Palesitine cyo kuba umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’abibumbye maze muri uwo mwaka Palesitine iba umunyamuryango wuzuye wa UNESCO. Mu kwamagana icyo cyemezo, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika umufatanyabikorwa wakadasohoka wa Isiraheli yahagaritse inkunga y’umuryango w’abibumbye ya 22% by’ingengo y’imari rusange.
Mu 2012 Loni yemeye ko Palesitine ari “igihugu cy’indorerezi” (amajwi 138 yashyigikiye umwanzuro, 9 arawurwanya, 41 arifata).
Mu 2016 akanama gashinzwe umutekano kemeje icyemezo 2334, gihamagarira Isiraheli “guhita ihagarika burundu ibikorwa byose byo gutura mu turere twa Palesitine yigaruriwe harimo na Yeruzalemu y’iburasirazuba,” gashimangira ko umuryango w’abibumbye utazemera “impinduka zose zirebana n’imipaka zahindutse ku ya 4 Kamena 1967. Ni ukuvuga Yeruzalemu y’uburasirazuba uretse izumvikanyweho n’impande zihanganye binyuze mu mishyikirano.”
Mu 2017 ubuyobozi bwa Trump bwatangaje ko Amerika yemera ko Yeruzalemu ari umurwa mukuru wa Isiraheli kandi isaba Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga kwimura Ambasade y’Amerika muri uwo mujyi Lonu ifata ko ugomba gusangirwa ‘ibihugu bya Israel na Palestine.
Mi 2019 White House yashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’ubukungu ya Donald Trump ku Banyapalestine, bivugwa ko yagombaga guhindura byimazeyo Gaza. Iyi gahunda ntiyagaragazaga igitekerezo cyo gushinga igihugu cya Palesitine yigenga. Perezida wa Amerika yavuze ko hashyizweho umurwa mukuru wa Palesitine muri Yeruzalemu y’Iburasirazuba ushobora kwerekeza mu mu nyengero.
Mu 2023, Hamas yagabye igitero gikomeye kuri Israel cyahitanye abayahudi barenga 1000 giteza intambara ikomeye i Gaza.
Intambara yahuruje isi ndetse ibihugu byinshi bikaba bikomeje kwamagana ubwicanyi bwibasira abasivire muri Gaza.
Mu 2024 Inteko rusange ya Lonu ku mwajwi ari hejuru cyane yemeye Leta ya Palesitine muri Loni kandi izamura urwego rwayo nk’indorerezi ihoraho, mu gihe ibihugu bitatu by’Uburayi, Hisipaniya, Irilande, na Noruveje byemeje ku mugaragaro Leta ya Palesitine nk’igihugu cyigenga.
Ubufaransa binyuze kuri Perezida Emmanuel Macron yatangaje ko yiteguye kwemeza palestine nk’igihugu kigenga muri Nzeri 2025. Macron yagize ati “Ubufaransa bwiyemeje ku mugaragaro ko igihugu cya Palesitine cyemewe, yakomeje avuga ko “atari inshingano gusa, ahubwo ko ari itegeko rya politiki.”
Byari biteganijwe ko perezida w’Ubufaransa atera iyi ntambwe mu nama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ku cyiswe igisubizo cy’ibihugu bibiri Israel na Palestine, umushinga wagombaga gutangazwa kuva ku ya 17 kugeza ku ya 21 Kamena 2025 gusa waje gusubikwa nyuma y’igitero cya Isiraheli kuri Irani ukaba uzasubukurwa muri Nzeri uyu mwaka.
Ngayo amateka mu ncamacye agaragaza urugendo rw’ubwigenge bwa Palestine ikomeje kurwanira kugeza ubu.
