Imbere y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga, abari ku isonga rya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bagizwe abere, abandi bahanishwa ibihano byoroshye. Abahohotewe b’i Rusizi banenga ingufu n’amayeri menshi mu kurengera ababahemukiye, nta n’igitekerezo cy’indishyi zahabwa abo bahohoteye. Ibi iyo babihuje no kutagira uruhare mu manza zabo, basanga ubu butabera budakwiye icyizere.
I Rusizi na Nyamasheke, ahahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, hari amagambo atabura mu kiganiro n’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Bagambiki, Gatandara, indishyi… ! By’umwihariko, abo mu mirenge ya Mururu, Nyakarenzo na Gashonga ya Rusizi, bo bayahuza no kunenga no kugaya uburyo ubutabera mpuzamahanga buburanisha abagize uruhare muri jenoside. Kuri bo, byaba mu rukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), byaba se mu nkiko z’ibihugu by’u Burayi, basanga umunzani w’ubutabera usa n’uwahengamiye burundu ku bakekwaho jenoside.
Avuga ku nenge zinyuranye babona mu butabera mpuzamahanga, umwe mu barokokeye i Mibirizi atunga agatoki icyuho cy’indishyi ngo cyagaragye no mu Rwanda. Agira ati« hari imanza zaciriwe mu Rwanda, hari n’izaburanishirijwe mu bihugu byo hanze, biragaragara ko zicibwa abantu bagahanwa; ariko hari ikindi cyakagombye gukurikiraho, kugira ngo habeho ubutabera bwuzuye: indishyi! ». Ibibazo byibazwa ni byinshi. Babihurizaho n’umuryango IBUKA-Rusizi, uharanira inyungu z’abacitse z’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Kuki ubutabera bukoresha « imbaraga z’umurengera mu guha ubutabera abatwiciye, n’inzitizi mu kurenganura abahohotewe» ? Kuki izo mbaraga zidakoreshwa mu guha indishyi abahohotewe ? Kuki Perefe Bagambiki yabaye umwere akaba akomeje kwidegembya nta cyo yishisha ? Kuki imanza nk’izi zidasubirishwamo ?
Abayobozi bagizwe abere
Kimwe n’abacitse ku icumu b’i Mururu na Mibirizi, mu murenge wa Nyakarenzo, Perezida wa IBUKA, ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Rusizi, Bwana Ndagijimana Laurent, ababazwa n’uburyo abahohotewe bahawe ubutabera. Atangazwa no kuba nka Rukeratabaro, w’« umufatanyacyaha wa Bagambiki mu bwicanyi bwo kuri Stade Kamarampaka, mu Gatandara no kuri Kiriziya ya Mibirizi », yaba yarahamijwe burundu ibyaha akanabihanirwa, hanyuma umuyobozi we akaba umwere. Agira ati « Ntibyumvikana ukuntu Rukeratabaro, watumwe kwica abatutsi, yahanwa, naho shebuja wamutumye ari we Bagambiki akaba umwere !».
Ku wa 27 Gashyantare 2004, Umuryango IBUKA, uharanira inyungu z’abacitse ku icumu, wari wanenze cyane Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR). Wamaganaga igikorwa cyo kurekura Bagambiki Emmanuel na Ntagerura Andre, nk’« abateguye jenoside » muri perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu itangazo ryanasabaga Leta y’u Rwanda « gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo icyemezo kibagira abere gisubirwemo », IBUKA yagize iti « kugira abere abateguye jenoside, ni uburyo bwo guhakana jenoside yakorewe abatutsi ».
Bagambiki Emmanuel, wari Perefe wa Cyangugu, na Ntagerura André, wari Minisitiri wa Minisiteri yo gutwara abantu n’ibintu, bombi bavukaga muri Cyangugu, kandi baregwaga icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Kuri Bagambiki, icyemezo cy’urukiko rwa TPIR cyavugaga ko «adahamwa n’ibyaha kubera ko nta bimenyetso simusiga » bibimuhamya ; mu gihe, kuri Ntagerura, cyavugaga ko ubushinjacyaha « butatanze ibimenyetso bifatika kandi byizewe ko Bwana Ntagerura yagenzuraga ubwicanyi muri Cyangugu ». Ni mu gihe Lt Imanishimwe Samuel, wayoboraga ingabo muri Cyangugu, wanaburanye nk’umufatanyacyaha wabo, we yahamijwe ibyo byaha byose, anahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 27, yaje kugabanywa igashyirwa kuri 12 mu bujurire.
Byose byapfiriye mu buhamya
« Ese Munyakazi Yusufu we yaba yaraburanye, cyangwa wasanga na we baramugize umwere ? » Ibibazo nk’iki n’inkuru zishaje, ku babahemukiye, biri mu bishimangira ko abahohotewe b’i Rusizi nta ruhare bigeze bagira mu manza zibareba. None se ni bande batanze ubuhamya mu manza zabo ? Bari bantu ki abashingiweho mu kugaragza uruhare rw’abakoze jenoside no kurenganura abahohotewe ?
Mu gusobanaura uruhare rukomeye rw’abatangabuhamya mu manza zarwo, Urukiko rwa TPIR rwakunze gusobanura ko « hatariho abatangabuhamya, n’imanza ntizabaho ». Ahanini ibi bishingiye ku kuba, mu buryo bw’imiburanishirize ya Common Law, abatangabuhamya ari bo « shingiro ry’amakuru n’ibimenyetso » mu manza. Gusa rero, abahohotewe b’iRusizi ubu bemeza ko amakuru n’ibimenyetso nyakuri bitatanzwe mu manza za bariya bayobozi. Ibi ngo bishingiye ku buryo abatangabuhamya batoranyijwe.
Ubuyobozi bwa Ibuka, muri Rusizi, buvuga ko byakorwaga n’abanyamahanga batari bazi u Rwanda na gato, ahanini bayobowe n’abanyarwanda bafite inyungu cyangwa amasano n’abakekwaho ibyaha bakorwagaho iperereza. Uretse kuba hanengwa kandi « hatazwi uburyo n’icyashingiweho mu itoranywa ry’ubuhamya » budafite ireme, IBUKA isanga bishobora kuba « byarakozwe nkana », iyo urebye uruhare nka Bwana Nshamihigo Siméon, wari umukozi wa TPIR, yagize muri izi manza za jenoside. Uyu mugabo, wari umushinjacyaha n’umunyamabanga w’ishyaka CDR muri Cyangugu mu gihe cya jenoside, we ubwe yaje gushinjwa no guhamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye, nk’umuntu « wateguye, agashishikaza, agategeka, agakora cyangwa agatera inkunga ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi muri perefegitura ya Cyangugu ».
Mu gihe yari umukozi wa TPIR, Bwana Nshamihigo yari mu itsinda rikorera iperereza ubwunganizi bwa Lt Imanishimwe Samuel, umufatanyacyaha wa Bagambiki na Ntagerura. IBUKA isanga« ibi byamufashije guhitamo neza ubuhamya no gutegura neza urubanza ». Kugeza ubwo yatabwaga muri yombi mu mwaka wa 2001 ari ku kazi, ARUSHA ku biro bya TPIR, uyu mugabo yari afite umwirondoro muhimbano: Sammy Bahati Weza, ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Congo!
Nta butabera budatanga indishyi!
Iri ni ihame mpuzamahanga. Umufaransakazi w’umunyamategeko, Gynette Tomeba Mabou, abigarukaho asobanura imiterere y’ikibazo cy’indishyi mu butabera mpuzamahanga. Asobanura ko « mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, uwakoze icyaha aba agomba kuryozwa no kwishyura ibyo cyononnye ». Ni ukuvuga ko, ku wakosheje, indishyi ari inshingano, zikaba n’uburenganzira ku wahohotewe.
Umwe mu barokotse Jenoside b’i Mururu avuga ko mu byaha Rukeratabaro yahamijwe harimo n’icyo gusambanya abagore n’abakobwa. Byakoranywe ubugome burimo no kubacuruza ku zindi nterahamwe zo mu yindi mirenge mu rwego rwo kubashinyagurira n’iyicarubozo, ku buryo benshi mu aba bagore bakurijemo ubusembwa n’uburwayi budakira. Agira ati abantu nk’aba « iyo batabonye na za ndishyi, ngo nibura zishobore kubasindagiza muri bya bibazo bafite, urumva ko ari ikibazo. Ntabwo ubutabera nyabwo koko twumva ko twabubonye ».
Iki kibazo cyanagarutsweho, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2020, mu kiganiro Radio RC Rusizi yise «Umusaruro w’imanza z’abakurikiranyweho genocide zibera mu mahanga ku cyahoze ari Cyangugu». Muri iki kiganiro, umuryango IBUKA wongeye kugaragaza, wunga mu byari bimaze iminsi bivugwa n’abacitse ku icumu bo mu mirenge ya Gashonga, Mururu na Nyakarenzo, ko ikibazo cy’indishyi kiza mu nenge zikomeye bagaya ubutabera bw’amahanga. Usanga igisubizo nyacyo, byaba ku manza zaciriwe hanze cyangwa mu Rwanda, ari uko haba ubuvugizi, maze « Leta y’u Rwanda, ibihugu by’amahanga, ndetse n’umuryango w’Abibumbye n’ibihugu byabigizemo uruhare, bagakemura icyo kibazo cy’indishyi ».
Bulende…Gatandara!
Cyangugu ya Perefe Bagambiki yabayemo udushya twinshi twakoreshejwe muri jenoside. Bulende Icyokezo, n’ibindi, ni intwaro zakoreshejwe mu rwego rw’iyicarubozo no gutesha agaciro ubumuntu bw’abatutsi bicwaga.
Iyo ku Winteko, mu Murenge wa Mururu, bakubwiye ko iwabo hari Bulende mu gihe cya jenoside, buri wese ahita yumva ko bagabweho ibitero na bya bimodoka by’intambara by’imitamenwa. Mu bisobanuro byimbitse, bakubwira ko Bulende yari inzu interahamwe zakusanyirizagamo abagore n’abakobwa b’abatutsikazi bo gusambanya igihe bashakiye. Mbere cyangwa nyuma y’ibitero, buri wese agafata uwo ashatse, ndetse bakagurishwa no ku nterahamwe ziturutse ahandi. Uwari ukuriye ibi bikorwa, ari we Rukeratabaro Tewodori, Perefe Bagambiki ubwe yavuye mu Bubiligi ajya kumushinjura, mu gihugu cya Suwedi. Bulende ni agashya, cyangwa se intwaro Kaporali Rukeratabaro yajyanye iwabo ku Winteko.
Mu Gatandara na ho haramamaye harenga n’imipaka.. Kubera Icyokezo cyotswagaho burusheti z’imitima n’indi myanya y’umubiri by’abatutsi, muri jenoside, interahamwe zikabirya. Aha ni ho ibitambo bya mbere byagejejwe ku cyokezo, ku wa 16 Mata. Abantu 16, bagizwe n’abanyabwenge n’abacuruzi, batoranyijwe kuri Stade Kamarampaka, barimo abacuruzi Habimana JMV, uzwi ku izina rya Gapfumu, na Gatake Anania. Igikorwa cyo kubatoranya no kujya kubica cyari gihagarikiwe na Perefe Bagambiki ubwe, nk’uko uwo munsi yari yabigenje ubwo bavumburwaga, bagakurwa mu bwihisho bwabo, kuri Katedarali ya Cyangugu.
Aba ni bo bariwe imitima n’indi myanya y’umubiri, ngo « mu rwego rwo gutsirika umuvumo » w’amaraso yabo ; cyangwa se ngo kugira ngo « abo batutsi bagende buheriheri, kubera ko no ku munsi w’izuka ry’abapfuye bazaba badafite ibice bimwe by’umubiri ». Muri gacaca, ngo hatanzwe ubuhamya nk’ubwo, bugaragaza « imyemerere ya rubanda, rurangajwe imbere n’ingirwa abanyabwenge nka Bagambiki », nk’uko binengwa n’uwitwa PPT, umwe mu baturage « batahigwaga muri jenoside », mu murenge wa Mururu.
Ubugome bw’indengakamere, iyicarubozo jenoside yakoranywe, benshi basanga byaratekerejwe n’abahanga. Umwe mu bagore basambanyijwe mu gihe cya jenoside, ndetse agakurizamo ubwandu bwa VIH/SIDA ashimishwa no kuba bamwe mu babibakoreye barahanwe. Nyamara kuri we ngo « ubutabera bwahiniye ku nsina ngufi. Igihe cyose ababatoje nka Bagambiki batarahanwa, kuri twe ubutabera buracyari kure nk’ukwezi».
