Mbere y’uko umufungwa wa mbere agera mu Rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), umurongo wo kwiregura wari waranogejwe cyera: guhakana ibyaha byose na jenoside ubwayo! Iryo banga rikomeye hagati y’abaregwa n’abavoka babo, ryaba ryarageze n’aho bagabana ku gihembo. Inzitizi ikomeye ku butabera bw’urukiko rwa LONI!
Hari ibyo rubanda baba bemerewe kumenya n’ibindi biguma mu nda y’ingoma, nako mu nda y’Urukiko rwa TPIR. Ibi bituma barwibazaho byinshi. Kuki abo amateka na rubanda bagaragazaga nka ba ruharwa muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 babaye abere? Abandi bagahabwa ibihano bya nyirarureshwa? Kuki imanza zakunze gutinda cyane? Ibisubizo ni bimwe : Habuze ibimenyetso simusiga ! Bisaba gushaka abatangabuhamya hirya no hino ku isi ! N’ibindi nka byo !
Gusa rero, ubwo vuba aha uwitwa Munyagishari Bernard yaburanaga yemera icyaha, agatunga agatoki abafungwa bagenzi be n’abavoka nk’inzitizi mu myiregurire, byatumye habaho kwibaza no gucukumbura ireme ry’ibyo avuga.
« Byaba bikumariye iki kwemera icyaha, ugakatirwa nka Yohani Kambanda? ». Aya magambo n’andi ngo arimo iterabwoba ngo ni yo yakirijwe uyu Munyagishari, muri gereza ya LONI, Arusha. Nk’umuntu wari Perezida w’Interahamwe n’umunyamabanga wa MRND muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, abari abayobozi be muri MRND Edouard Karemera na Matayo Ngirumpatse, hamwe na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva wayoboraga Gisenyi mu rwego rwa gisirikare na jenoside, ngo bamusamiye hejuru bamubuza kwemera icyaha. Uku kuburana bahakana, ngo babaga bashyigikiwemo n’abavoka babo, kandi bikanafasha gutinza imanza maze amafaranga ahabwa abavoka akaza atubutse, bagasangira n’abo baburanira n’imiryango yabo !
Bibiliya ihakana jenoside
Bacyambuka umupaka wa Zaïre, ubwoba bwo kuzabazwa ibihumbi n’ibihumbagiza by’abatutsi bari basize bishe bwatashye inkoramaraso. Barimo abapadiri 29, bari mu buhungiro i Goma, bandikiye Papa Yohani Paulo II bahakana jenoside banamutabaza. Muri iyo baruwa yo ku wa 02 Kanama 1994, banavugamo iby’urukiko rwa LONI mu kuburanisha abakoze jenoside, bagira bati « urukiko mpuzamahanga rwaza rucira imanza abahutu gusa, nk’uko birimo gutegurwa, rwabangamira nta shiti ubwiyunge bwa ngombwa ku banyarwanda bose aho bari hose ».
Nk’uko bigaragara mu byivugiwe na Kambanda Yohani, wari Minisitiri w’intebe, ubwo yemeraga icyaha, urukiko rwa TPIR rwagiyeho abo ruzaburanisha bararangije kurwitegura. Nk’uko bigarukwaho n’umunyamakuru akaba n’umwanditsi w’amateka, Jean-François Dupaquier, ku wa 22 Nzeri 1997, mu nzu irindiwe umutekano iri mu mujyi wa Dodoma, Yohani Kambanda yemereye ubushinjacyaha ko, mu nkambi z’impunzi muri Zaïre, bakoze inama nyinshi zo kwitegura imanza za TPIR bahakana ibyaha byose na jenoside.
Izi nama, zagaragayemo abavoka b’abanyamahanga barimo umubiligi Johan Scheers, zateganyaga ko abantu bashobora gutabwa muri yombi n’uburyo bagomba kwitwara. Avuga ko havuyemo inyandiko y’ibanga, yiswe Inyandiko ngenderwaho y’abaregwa na TPIR (Vade-mecum pour les justiciables du TPIR), « isobanura neza ibyaha dushobora gushinjwa, amategeko azaakurikizwa, ibihano dushobora guhanishwa n’uko tugomba kwitwara igihe dutawe muri yombi. […] Muri rusange byateganywaga ko tugomba guhakana ibyaha byose na jenoside ubwayo ».
Kugabana umushahara !
Uretse « kuba mu nzego zimwe z’abunganizi mu by’amategeko, bahembwa na TPIR, harimo abantu batizewe cyangwa bagize uruhare muri jenoside », abashakashatsi nka Jean Pierre Chrétien na Jean-François Dupaquier bakunze no kunenga « umugambi wo gupfobya no guhakana jenoside ukorwa ku mafaranga ya LONI » kandi uyobowe n’abunganizi mu by’amategeko.
Uretse kuba bagirwa abere, nta yindi nyungu abaregwa baba bari bafite muri uyu mugambi? Ese byaba ari impamo ko abavoka babo hari amafaranga babageneraga bo n’imiryango yabo?
« Sinabyemeza kandi sinanabihakana !». Nk’umunyamategeko, Me Gasominali Jean Baptiste asobanura ko ibintu nk’ibi iyo bibaye bikorwa mu ibanga rikomeye. Gusa mu mirimo itandukanye yakoze muri TPIR, nko mu itsinda rishinzwe iperereza mu biro by’umushinjacyaha mukuru, asobanura ko ibi bintu byavugwaga cyane. Agira ati « ibyo bintu byaravugwaga, ndetse cyane ! ariko bigomba kuba byari ibanga n’udukoryo twinshi ku buryo bitasigaga ibimenyetso bifatika ».
Na LONI yarabyemeye!
Byaravuzwe kugeza ubwo na LONI ubwayo ikoresha iperereza kuri icyo kibazo. Raporo yavuyemo yagaragaje ko abafungwa ba TPIR bahabwaga n’abavoka babo amafaranga ari hagati y’amadolari 2500 na 5000 buri kwezi. Aba bunganizi mu by’amategeko, bari bafite umushahara ungana n’amadolari ari hagati ya 80 na 110 ku isaha, kandi bemerewe gukora kugeza ku masaha 175 ku kwezi. Byavugwaga kandi biza kugaragara ko hari abishyuzaga amasaha y’umurengera kwezi, ku kagambane n’abo baburanira na bamwe mu bakozi ba TPIR.
Abanditsi bakuru b’inkiko za TPIR na TPIY, yashyiriweho Yougoslavia, Adama Dieng na Hans Holthius ubwabo, babyemereye Akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi i New York mu mwaka wa 2002. Basobanuye ko « igikorwa cyo kugabana amafaranga y’igihembo kigoye kukirandura, kubera ko kinyura mu biganiro n’amasezerano bikorwa mu ibanga rikomeye hagati y’umwunganizi mu by’amategeko n’umukiriya we ». Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije w’urwego rwa LONI rwo kwigenzura, Bwana Dileep Nair, na we ubwe yemeye ko « imikorere nk’iyi ituma hibazwa ku ndangagaciro za kinyamwuga, ikanatera urwikekwe n’iteshagaciro ku bikorwa by’inkiko » za LONI.
Ni muri urwo rwego, nko ku itariki ya 06 Gashyantare 2002, umwanditsi mukuru w’urukiko rwa Arusha yirukanye abavoka babiri ba Yozefu Nzirorera, umwongereza Andrew McCartan n’umubirigi Martin Bauwens.
Byari bimaze kugaragara ko nkongwa yo guhakana no gupfobya jenoside, yabyaye iya ruswa abavoka baha abo baburanira kugira ngo batabirukanisha. Ubundi nk’uko bigarukwaho na Bwana Jean-Francois Dupaquier, mu nyandiko yakoze kuri iki kibazo, amwe muri ayo mafaranga agakoreshwa mu guha ruswa abatangabuhamya no gusibanganya ibimenyetso.
Abanyeshuri beza !
Ubwo yasabwaga kwiregura ku byaha aregwa, mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2005, Koloneli Bagosora Theoneste yasubije abacamanza ati « Jye sinemera ko habayeho jenoside. Abantu benshi kandi bazi ubwenge basanga harabayeho gusa ubwicanyi bukabije ». Ibi byari gushyira mu bikorwa rya « bibiliya » y’umunyamategeko Scheers, nk’uko uwari Minisitiri w’intebe Kambanda yari yaratanze incamake yayo. Ibi ni byo byari intero n’inyikirizo mu manza zose zaburashijwe na ruriya rukiko rwa Loni.
Intero yari yaratangiye kuva ku wa 09 Mutarama 1997, ubwo imfungwa ya mbere ya TPIR, Akayezu Jean Paul, yagezwaga bwa mbere imbere y’umucamanza. « Guhakana byose, ko nta jenoside, ko nta n’ubwicanyi bwabaye », habaye intambara ! Abari abayobozi b’igihugu babaye abanyeshuri beza, basubiramo ijambo ku rindi ibyo bize bakwireguza igihe cyose bagezwa imbere y’urukiko. Ni ukuvuga ko muri buri rubanza, urubanza ku rundi, ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje kurwana intambara idashira yo gutanga ibimenyetso ko mu Rwanda habayeho jenoside kandi yakorewe abatutsi.
Ntibazabibagirwa !
Mu manza 82 zaburanishijwe n’urukiko rwa TPIR?MTPI, abantu 14 babaye abere. Abo barimo Bagambiki Emmanuel, Ntagerura André, Rwamakuba André, Nzuwonemeye François-Xavier, Nsengimana Hormisdas, n’abandi. Aba bose, aho bakoreye ibyaha, ngo haracyari ibimenyetso bibashinja ibyo bakoze. Nk’abacitse ku icumu na IBUKA ya Rusizi baracyemeza ko Bagambiki ari we « nkingi ya mwamba ya jenoside muri Cyangugu».
Ku wa 25 Gashyantare 2004, ni bwo urukiko rwa TPIR rwagize abere Bagambiki Emmanuel na Ntagerura André, ku byaha byose baregwaga, kubera ko nta bimenyetso, maze bahita barekurwa. Byaje kugaragara ko bwana Nshamihigo Simeon, umukozi wa TPIR wakoreshejwe mu gukusanya ibimenyetso, mu by’ukuri yari umufatanyacyaha w’abaregwa. Nyuma urukiko rwaje kumufata, ruramuburanisha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu kubera icyaha cya jenoside.
Ibibazo nk’ibyo byagize ingaruka zidashira ku bacitse ku icumu, batanze ubuhamya mu manza nka ziriya. « Navuye Arusha gushinja Zigiranyirazo, ngeze mu Ruhengeri nsanga barantegereje, barampiga. Kubera ko nanze kwakira amafaranga ngo nceceke!». Uyu mutangabuhamya wazengurutse igihugu ahunga umutekano muke yatewe no gushinja Zigiranyirazo Protais, musaza wa Agata Kanziga, bityo akaba ari muramu wa Perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali agira ati «na n’ubu ndacyafite ubwoba, kuko baracyafite imbaraga n’amaboko! ».
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