Ububanyi n’amahanga ni ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose kuko butariho nticyabona aho gihahira n’aho gicuruza, nticyabona abacyigoboka mu bihe bikomeye, cyangwa ngo hagire ucyitabaza muri ibyo bihe kuko kitabashije kubaka umubano ukomeye n’ibindi bihugu bityo n’iterambere ryacyo rikaba ryagorana kuko cyaba cyarabaye nyamwigendaho. Mu myaka 6 ishize tugiye kurebera hamwe uko umubano w’u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu wari wifashe .
Mu 2017
Umwaka wa 2017 ni umwaka watangiye ububanyi n’amahanga bw’u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu wifashe neza muri rusange usibye ku gihugu cy’u Burundi cyarebanaga ay’ingwe n’u Rwanda nyuma y’igerageza ry’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi mu Burundi mu 2015, aho bwarakariye u Rwanda kubera kwakira impunzi z’Abarundi zirimo abashinjwaga gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi.
Mu mpera z’uyu mwaka ariko nibwo havutse ikindi kibazo gikomeye cya dipolomasi hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda, ubwo mu kwezi kwa munani 2017, Abanyarwanda batangiraga guhigwa bukware uhereye kuri Rene Rutagungira wasezerewe mu ngabo z’u Rwanda afite ipeti rya sergeant, yashimutwaga n’abashinzwe umutekano ba Uganda ashinjwa kuba intasi y’u Rwanda mu gihe u Rwanda rwashinjaga Uganda gufasha abashakaga gukuraho ubutegetsi.
Ibibazo byakomeje gufata intera bigera aho muri Gashyantare 2019 imipaka ihuza ibihugu byombi ifungwa nyuma y’uko Abanyarwanda bari bakomeje gutabwa muri yombi no guhohoterwa n’inzego z’umutekano za Uganda. Iki kibazo cyarangiye kuwa 31 Mutarama 2022, ubwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yafunguraga imipaka nyuma y’aho umubano w’ibihugu byombi usubiye mu buryo bigizwemo uruhare cyane na Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba, umuhungu wa Museveni.
Mu 2018
Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame yatangiye inshingano zo kuyobora Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ku mugaragaro muri uyu mwaka wa 2018. Mu ijambo rye nyuma yo kwakira ibirango by’uyu muryango, Perezida Kagame yashimiye abamubanjirije ndetse n’icyizere cya bagenzi be, maze ahamagarira Abanyafurika bose kugira uruhare mu mpinduka zigamije ineza y’umugabane.
Mbere yaho, ibikorwa byo kuvugurura imikorere y’inzego nkuru z’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe byatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2016, icyo gihe Perezida Kagame agirirwa na bagenzi be icyizere cyo kuyobora ayo mavugurura, nawe ashyiraho itsinda ry’abahanga bamufashije kwiga uburyo bushya Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe wakoramo mu rwego rwo gufasha uyu mugabane kugera ku ntego z’iterambere wiyemeje, zikubiye muri gahunda ya ’Agenda 2063’.
Perezida Kagame yahawe kuyobora AU, ifite ibibazo birimo kudashyira hamwe kw’ibihugu biyigize.
Ibihugu byasaga n’ibikorera mu matsinda bitewe n’aho biherereye ariko agerageza kubishyira hamwe kubw’inyungu z’abaturage babyo.
Byatumye muri Werurwe 2018 mu nama yateraniye i Kigali, ibihugu 44 bishyira umukono ku masezerano ashyiraho isoko rusange (AfCFTA).
Ni amasezerano agamije koroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika, bikabasha guhahirana mu buryo bworoshye ugereranyije n’uko byakorwaga.
Ni umushinga watangiye AU ikitwa OUA mu 1980 mu kiswe Lagos Plan of Action ariko birangira uciwe intege n’ibihugu by’amahanga.
Manda ya Perezida Paul Kagame ku buyobozi bw’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), yarangiriye mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize uwo muryango yateranye guhera ku itariki 10 kugeza ku itariki 11 Gashyantare 2019.
Muri uwo mwaka wa 2018 kandi, Umunyarwandakazi, Louise Mushikiwabo, wari minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, yatorewe kuyobora Umuryango uhuza ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF).
Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma bagera kuri 40 nibo bemeje Louise Mushikiwabo nk’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa mu myaka ine aza kongerwa indi manda mu 2022.
Gutorwa kwa Mushikiwabo ntikwatunguranye kuko ariwe wahabwaga amahirwe na mbere y’uko amatora aba dore ko kandidatire ye yari ishyigikiwe n’Ibihugu bya Afurika, u Bufaransa, Canada n’ibindi, byose kubera imibanire myiza byari bifitanye n’u Rwanda.
Mushikiwabo yatorewe kuyobora uyu mwanya ahigitse Michaëlle Jean wari umaze imyaka ine ku buyobozi, aba uwa kane uyoboye OIF nyuma y’Umunyamisiri Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1997-2002), Abdou Diouf wo muri Sénégal (2003-2014) na Michaëlle Jean (2014).
Mu 2018, u Rwanda rwagiranye amasezerano n’ikipe ya Arsenal yo mu Bwongereza, agamije guteza imbere ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda, kandi ayo masezerano akaba yaragize inyungu.
Mu 2019
Mu mwaka wa 2019, u Rwanda rwayoboye umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (East African Community), kugeza mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2020.
U Rwanda kandi rwatorewe kwakira inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu na guverinoma mu muryango wa ‘Commonwealth’, yagombaga kubera i Kigali mu mpera za Kamena 2020, ariko iza gusubikwa kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19.
Ibi byiyongera ku bindi byagiye bikorwa mu rwego rwo gutsura umubano hagati y’ibihugu, aho hari za ambasade nshya zagiye zifungurwa mu Rwanda. U Rwanda narwo rwafunguye za ‘ambasade’ nshya mu mahanga, nk’iy’i Doha muri Qatar, hari na ambasade yari iriho mu Mujyi wa Abu Dhabi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (UAE) yahawe ambasaderi.
Hafunguwe kandi ambasade muri Maroc, Ghana, n’ahandi, bigaragaza ko umubano w’u Rwanda n’ubutwererane bigenda bitera imbere, binajyanye n’ibindi bikorwa byo guteza imbere ishoramari n’ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda.
Hari kandi andi masezerano yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo u Rwanda rwagiranye n’ikipe ya Paris Saint Germain yo mu Bufaransa mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2019.
Mu 2020
Muri uyu mwaka wa 2020 umubano w’u Rwanda na Uganda wari ukomeje kwangirika ndetse
bigera aho ibihugu byombi bikangisha kujya mu ntambara. Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2020 Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga Vincent Biruta yavuze ko hari abasirikare bo mu ngabo za Uganda (UPDF) bari bamaze iminsi binjira rwihishwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda bakagerageza gushimuta abantu.
Ku itariki ya 28 Gicurasi 2020, u Rwanda na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byashyize umukono ku masezerano agamije gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Umwaka wa 2020 wari utegerezanyijwe amatsiko menshi hirya no hino ku Isi ariko ku Rwanda byari akarusho. Abanyarwanda bifuzaga kubonesha amaso u Rwanda rushya bari bamaze imyaka irenga 20 bubaka ahanini binyuze muri gahunda ya “Vision 2020” yatangijwe na Perezida Paul Kagame mu 2000.
Ni umwaka ariko utaragaragayemo ibikorwa byinshi byo gutsura umubano n’amahanga kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyahagaritse ingendo muri rusange mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwira ry’iki cyorezo.
Muri uyu mwaka ariko nibwo Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Vincent Biruta, yagiranye ibiganiro na mugenzi we w’u Burundi, Albert Shingiro, ku mubano w’ibihugu byombi wari umaze iminsi utifashe neza. Intumwa z’ibihugu byombi zahuriye ku mupaka wa Nemba.
Mu 2021
Kugeza muri uyu mwaka, u Rwanda rwari rufite abaruhagarariye 39 (missions diplomatiques) mu bihugu 147; ambasade zarwo zari ziherutse gufungurwa zari izafunguwe muri Nepal na Sri Lanka mu Ukuboza 2021.
U Rwanda rwari mu miryango mpuzamahanga igera kuri 201 naho abahagarariye ibindi bihugu mu Rwanda bagera kuri 35, ibihugu birimo Chili, Ghana, Philippines na Libye bikaba byarohereje ba ambasaderi babyo mu Rwanda muri uku kwezi k’Ukuboza 2021.
Umwaka wa 2021 kandi wasize hatewe intambwe ikomeye mu kuvugurura umubano hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa, wari umaze igihe kirekire warazambye kuva muri jenoside.
Muri Gicurasi 2021, Perezida Emmanuel Macron yakoreye uruzinduko i Kigali ku itariki ya 27 Gicurasi. Yagiriye uruzinduko rw’akazi mu Rwanda nyuma ya Nicolas Sarkozy warusuye mu 2010 naho Perezida Kagame yasuye iki gihugu mu 2003 ubwo cyari kiyobowe na Jacques Chirac aza no kubonana na François Hollande bwa mbere mu nama ihuza u Burayi na Afurika i Buruseli muri Mata 2014.
Umwaka wa 2021 wasize hatewe intambwe nshya mu mubano w’ibihugu byombi aho u Bufaransa nyuma yo kwemera uruhare mu mateka ya Jenoside, ibihugu byombi byafunguye paji nshya y’imikoranire ndetse nyuma gato y’uruzinduko rwa Macron i Kigali, u Bufaransa bwahise bushyiraho ambasaderi wabwo mu Rwanda.
Umubano mwiza w’u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu wagaragariye no mu itangwa ry’inkingo za Covid-19
Kuva mu Rwanda hatangijwe ibikorwa byo gukingira Covid-19 kugeza ku wa 2 Ukuboza 2021, hari hamaze kwakirwa inkingo 12.900.760 zashoboraga gukingira abaturage 6.736.220 hatabariwemo urukingo rushimangira.
Izi nkingo zabonetse binyuze muri gahunda ya COVAX y’ubufatanye mu kugeza inkingo hose ku Isi, izo igihugu cyiguriye ku ngengo y’imari yacyo n’izo cyahawe n’ibihugu by’inshuti.
Muri byo bihugu harimo ibyari bisanzwe bifitanye umubano uhamye n’u Rwanda ariko hakaba n’ibindi wavuga ko uwo mubano ukiri mushya.
Ibyaturutsemo inkingo zashyikirijwe u Rwanda harimo u Bushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, u Bugereki , u Butaliyani, u Buhinde, u Bwongereza, u Budage, Pologne, u Bufaransa, Suède, Slovaquie, Malta n’ibindi.
Ku busabe bwa Leta ya Mozambique muri Nyakanga 2021 u Rwanda rwohereje abasirikare n’abapolisi gufasha ingabo z’iki gihugu guhangana n’ibyihebe byari byarigaruriye Intara ya Cabo Delgado yo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu ikungahaye kuri gaz.
Ntushobora kwirengagiza ariko ko kuva mu mpera z’uyu mwaka inyeshyamba za M23 zubura imirwano mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, kugeza uyu munsi, umubano w’iki gihugu n’u Rwanda wongeye kuzamo igitotsi gishingiye ku kuba Kinshasa ishinja Kigali gufasha uyu mutwe, ibyo u Rwanda ruhakana ahubwo rugashinja Leta ya Congo gutera inkunga no gukoresha inyeshyamba za FDLR zifite intego yo gukuraho ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda.
Mu 2022
Kimwe mu bikorwa byari byitezwe cyane mu mwaka wa 2022 ni Inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma zo mu Bihugu bikoresha Icyongereza (CHOGM 2022) yari imaze gusubikwa inshuro 2 kubera Covid-19. Iyi nama ya 26 y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu byo mu Muryango wa Commonwealth, yabereye mu Rwanda kuva kuwa 22 kugeza kuwa 26 Kamena 2022.
Ku itariki 25 Kamena 2022, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’iya Canada zashyize umukono ku masezerano yo guteza imbere ingendo zo mu kirere, hifashishijwe indege za RwandaAir n’iza Air Canada.
U Rwanda na Jamaica kandi byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukerarugendo, akazashyirwa mu bikorwa na Minisiteri y’Ubukerarugendo muri Jamaica ifatanyije na sosiyete y’ubwikorezi bw’indege ya RwandAir, kugira ngo irebe uko yatangira gukora ingendo hagati ya Kigali na Kingston.
Perezida Paul Kagame, kandi ku itariki 9 Nyakanga 2022, yakiriye muri Village Urugwiro Abayobozi b’Inteko zishinga Amategeko zo mu Muryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa, APF, bari mu Rwanda bitabiriye Inteko Rusange ya 47.
Mu 2023
Mu bijyanye n’ububanyi n’amahanga na dipolomasi hagati y’u Rwanda n’amahanga, mu 2023 hagiye hagaragara isinywa ry’amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byiganjemo ibyo ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ku ikubitiro, ku itariki 4 Mata, Perezida William Ruto wa Kenya yagiriye uruzinduko i Kigali ndetse yakirwa na mugenzi we Perezida Paul Kagame muri Village Urugwiro ahabereye n’umuhango w’isinywa ry’amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu nzego 9 zirimo iz’uburezi, ubucuruzi, n’izindi.
Usibye Kenya kandi u Rwanda rwaguye umubano no mu bihugu bibarizwa mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika; ubwo muri Mata 2023 Umukuru w’igihugu yagiriraga uruzinduko mu bihugu birimo Benin, Guinea- Bissau na Guinea Conakry ahasinyiwe amasezerano atandukanye arimo n’ayo koroshya ishoramari hagati y’ibihugu byombi nk’uko byagenze ubwo Perezida wa Zambia Hakainde Hichilema ndetse Denis Sassou Nguesso wa Congo Brazzaville bazaga mu Rwanda n’ibindi.
Uyu mwaka wa 2023 urangiye hakomeje gututumba umwuka mubi hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo, ibyarushijeho gufata indi ntera mu minsi ya nyuma yegerezaga amatora y’umukuru w’iki gihugu. Muri iki gihe hagiye hagaragara ubushotoranyi bukabije ndetse n’imvugo zibasira abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda ndetse ibi bikajyana n’imvugo zihembera urwango zagiye zigaragaraga zibasira abaturage bavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda muri Congo.
Muri Rwanda Day iheruka kubera I Washington muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Dr Vincet Biruta, yamurikiye abitabiriye umusaruro ukomeje kuva mu bikorwa by’ububanyi n’amahanga aho u Rwanda rumaze kugira abaruhagarariye mu bihugu bitandukanye 47 naho abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda bakaba 45.
Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga mu Rwanda Dr Vincet Biruta avuga ko umusaruro w’ububanyi n’amahanga watumye ibigo n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ikomeza kwiyongera gukorera mu Rwanda ndetse bikagira ingaruka nziza ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda n’urwego rw’ubuzima.
Yagize ati “ mu myaka itandatu ishize u Rwanda rwongereye uburyo bw’imibanire, kuva 2018 u Rwanda rwafunguye ubundi butumwa burebana n’ububanyi n’amahanga bugera ku munani mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, bituma tugira abaduhagararira bagera kuri 47 ndetse byatumye tugira abaduhagarariye muri Amerika y’amajyepfo aho duteganya gufungura ambasade mu gihugu cya Brazil.”
Minisitiri Biruta yavuze ko uyu musaruro wagezweho mu myaka 30 nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside, u Rwanda rugashyira imbere mu bikorwa byo kubaka amahoro n’iterambere mu bukungu hatirengagijwe ububanyi n’amahanga na politiki.
.
