Tariki ya 28 Kamena 1914, Umunya-Serbia, Gavrilo Princip yarasiye igikomangoma Franz Ferdinand cya Austria Hungary mu murwa wa Sarajevo muri Bosnia-Herzegovina, urupfu rwe rukurura umwiryane hagati y’ibihugu byombi kugeza ubwo byatangiye intambara mu buryo bweruye tariki ya 28 Nyakanga 1914.
Ubusanzwe mu Karere ka Balkan (mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’u Burayi) karimo umwuka mubi hagati y’ibihugu nka Bosnia-Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary na Serbia) mbere y’uko Intambara nyirizina itangira.
Urupfu rwa Franz Ferdinand rwatumye umwuka mubi ututumba kugeza ubwo Umwami w’u Budage, Wilhelm II tariki ya 5 Nyakanga yemeye gufasha Austria-Hungary guhorera Franz Ferdinand, nitangaza ko itangije itambara. Kuva ubwo, Austria yatangiye kwitegura urugamba.
Austria yari guhita itangiza intambara nyuma y’urupfu rwa Franz Ferdinand ariko kubera ko yari yamenye ko u Burusiya buri inyuma ya Serbia, kandi bufite izindi nshuti nk’u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza, yabaye yitonze gato.
Urugamba rutangiye byeruye
Austria yari yabonye andi maboko kandi akomeye, tariki ya 28 Nyakanga 1914 yatangaje ko ishoje intambara kuri Serbia, yitwa iyo ‘Kurangiza Izindi Ntambara zose’ (War to End All Wars) Serbia nayo yari imaze iminsi imenye umugambi wa Austria, icyo gihe yatangiye gutegura ingabo zayo, inasaba ubufasha ku Burusiya. Hashize icyumweru kimwe gusa, u Bufaransa, u Bwongereza n’u Bubiligi nabyo byaje kwiyunga kuri Serbia.
U Budage bwatangiye kugaba ibitero mu Bubiligi, tariki ya 4 Kanama 1914 bwinjira mu mujyi wa Liege bukoresheje ibikoresho bikomeye birimo ibimodoka by’intambara. Ingabo z’u Budage zafashe uyu mujyi tariki ya 15 Kanama, ziwuvamo zangije byinshi, zikomereza mu Bufaransa.
Mu rugamba rwa Marne (Battle of the Marne) rwabaye hagati ya tariki ya 6 n’9 muri Nzeri 1914, ingabo z’u Bufaransa n’izo bari mu itsinda rimwe, zasubije inyuma ingabo z’u Budage zaburaga intera ntoya ngo zinjire mu murwa wa Paris.
Hagati y’1914 n’1916, ingabo ziri ku ruhande rwa Serbia zirimo iz’u Burusiya zagerageje kugaba ibitero ku z’uruhande rw’u Budage ariko zananiwe kumeneramo.
Amerika yinjiye mu ntambara nyuma y’ubushotoranyi bw’u Budage
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zayoborwaga na Perezida Woodrow Wilson zari zaririnje kugira uruhare na ruto muri iyi ntambara gusa harimo imbogamizi z’uko zari zikomeje ubucuruzi mu Burayi, aho amato manini yazo yanyuraga mu nyanja, hafi y’irasaniro.
Byageze mu 1915, ingabo z’u Budage zitangaza ko amazi azengurutse ibirwa by’u Bwongereza agiye kuba irasaniro hagati yabwo n’ababurwanyaga. Byatumye bwoherezamo amato y’intambara twatezaga impanuka, tukarohamisha amato menshi arimo ay’Amerika.
Amerika yatangiye gutekereza no kwitegura uburyo yakwinjira muri iyi ntambara ku bwo kurinda umutekano w’amato yayo, Inteko yemeza miliyoni 250 z’amadolari zo gushora mu bikorwa byo kwitegura urugamba, muri Werurwe 1917. Byageze muri Werurwe, ingabo z’u Budage zongera kurohamisha ubundi bwato bune bw’Amerika, tariki ya 6 Mata 1917, Perezida Woodrow yemeza ku mugaragaro ko igihugu cye kigiye kurwana n’u Budage.
U Burusiya bwikuye mu ntambara mu 1918 bitewe n’impinduka zari zimaze kuba mu butegetsi bwabwo, bituma ingabo z’Abadage zoroherwa cyane no kurwanya itsinda rya ‘Allied’ ryari risigayemo u Bufaransa n’ibindi bihugu. Byatumye ingabo z’u Budage zigenzura igice kinini cy’umugabane w’u Burayi gusa ntibyamaze igihe kinini.
Ubwo Perezida Woodrow yemezaga ko Amerika igiye guhangana n’u Buge muri Mata 1917, ntabwo ingabo ze zahise zirwana. Byageze mu 1918, Amerika itangira kohereza ibihumbi 100,000 by’abasirikare mu bice u Budage bwari bwarafashe, bitwara iminsi 100 kugira ngo ingabo z’Abadage zibe zamaze kurekura aho zari zarafashe. Muri iyi minsi 100, ingabo z’Abadege zari zaramaze kunanirwa, zitagishobora no kwirwanaho.
Itsinda ryarimo Abadage ryatangiye gucika intege, ubwami bwa Ottoman bwari bwarinjiyemo mu 1914, burasezera, Bulgaria ivamo ndetse na Austria ivamo. Itsinda ry’Amerika (Allied Power) ryari rimaze kunesha iry’Abadage mu buryo bugaragara ndetse na ba nyirubwite bari basa n’abamaze kwemera gutsindwa. Tariki ya 11 Ugushyingo 1918, u Budage bwemeye gusinya amasezerano agaragaza ko butsinzwe, intambara ishyirwaho akadomo ubwo.
Aya masezerano yahawe izina rya ‘Armistice of Compiègne yasinyiwe mu Bufaransa, mu gace ka Compiègne, yashyizweho umukono kandi na Marshall Ferdinand Foch wari uyoboye ingabo z’u Bufaransa.
Incamake
Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yatangiye tariki ya 28 Nyakanga 1914, irangira tariki ya 11 Ugushyingo 1918. Yagaragayemo ibikoresho by’intambara bigambaye, cyane cyane indege z’intambara n’uburyo zikoreshwa ndetse n’imodoka z’intambara. Ibi bikoresho byangirizaga ibintu byinshi, bigatera imfu nyinshi mu gihe gito.
Impande zari zihanganye ni ebyiri ; Allied Powers rwarimo ibihugu nk’u Bufaransa, u Bwongereza, u Burusiya, Serbia, u Bubiligi, u Buyapani, u Butaliyani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika,… Central Powers rwarimo Austria-Hungary, u Budage, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria n’ibindi.
Intambara yarangiye uruhande rwa Central Powers rwari rukomejwe n’u Budage rutsinzwe.
Ingabo zarwanye iyi ntambara zibarirwa muri miliyoni 70, zirimo izaturutse ku mugabane w’u Burayi zigera kuri miliyoni 60. Raporo igaragaza amakimbirane yateye imfu nyinshi, ivuga ko muri iyi ntambara, hapfuye abantu barenga miliyoni 17 biganjemo abasivile. Abakomeretse babarirwa muri miliyoni 20.
