Mu gihe Emmanuel Macron yitegura gusura u Rwanda ku wa kane, inyandiko ishaje yatekerejweho n’umusosiyaliste Michel Rocard ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri iki gihugu yongeye kugaragara kandi igaragaza isesengura rishimishije, ariko ryamaganwe nkana.
Ni inyandiko itarasohotse , cyangwa yasibwe, ariko ikinyamakuru Libération cyabashije kubona mbere y’uruzinduko rwasobanuwe nk “amateka” rwa Perezida, Emmanuel Macron kuri uyu wa kane mu Rwanda. Uru rugendo rwa perezida, ruteganijwe kwerekana kwegerana hagati ya Paris na Kigali, rworohejwe n’ishyirwa ahagaragara, mu mpera za Werurwe, rya raporo ya komisiyo iyobowe n’umuhanga mu mateka Vincent Duclert ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda.
Mu kwemera ku nshuro ya mbere uruhare rw’u Bufaransa, hagati ya 1990 na 1994, mu gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside, byabaye akazi k’abahanga mu mateka mu gusuzuma ibyari mu nyandiko z’ibanga zari mu ishyinguranyandiko y’u Bufaransa kwabaye nko guca kirazira.
Icyakora, inyandiko yashyikirijwe Liberation ntabwo abashakashatsi bo muri komisiyo ya Duclert bigeze bayigeraho. Uyu munsi, isa nkaho yaturutse hakurya y’imva kuva umwanditsi wayo, Michel Rocard, yarapfuye muri Nyakanga 2016. N’ibitekerezo birebire kuri politiki y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe wa François Mitterrand yari yarateguye ariko bigashyingurwa.
Akamaro kayo ariko karagaragara, mu gihe ishyaka rya gisosiyalisiti Perezida Mitterand yakomokagamo rikomeje kuruca rikarumira ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda nubu rikaba rikomeje gucibwamo ibice n’imicungire y’umurage wa François Mitterand muri iki gihe gikomeye cy’amateka y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa.
“Icyemezo kidahuye”
Mu 1998, Rocard rero yatumiwe imbere ya komisiyo y’inteko ishinga amategeko ishinzwe amakuru (MIP) yashyizweho kugira ngo isuzume ibikorwa by’ingabo z’Abafaransa mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990 na 1994. MIP yari iyobowe n’umusosiyaliste, Paul Quilès. Ariko ku ya 30 Kamena 1998, bigaragara ko “mugenzi we” Michel Rocard yangiwe gusoma ibyo yari yateguye nk’uko yabihishuriye Libération icyo gihe.
Byagenze bite kuri iyo nyandiko ndende, yateguwe nyuma yo gusura u Rwanda mu mwaka wari wabanje? Nubwo amagambo akomeye yakoreshejwe, ntabwo avugwa ku migereka, nubwo ari menshi, y’imirimo ya MIP, yabashije kugerwaho na bose. Ibintu biteye amatsiko.
Ayo magambo agomba kuba agaragara mu bubiko bwuzuye bwa MIP bucunzwe n’Inteko ishinga amategeko. Ariko igitangaje kurushaho, komisiyo ya Duclert yangiwe kubugeraho.
Ibaruwa y’ubutumwa ya Perezida Macron itangaza ko hashyizweho iyi komisiyo muri Mata 2019 yasobanuraga neza ko abashakashatsi bazemererwa bwa mbere uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma inyandiko zose z’ububiko bw’u Bufaransa nta kurobanura. Ibiro y’Inteko ishinga amategeko, iyobowe na Richard Ferrand wahoze ari umusosiyaliste, ubu akaba umwe mu bagize ishyaka rya perezida, byo byafashe ikindi cyemezo bitiriwe bitanga ibisobanuro.
Uyu munsi, Vincent Duclert yabwiye Libération ati: “Kwanga kwinjira mu bubiko bw’ubutumwa bwa Quilès butavugwaho rumwe na komisiyo birahangayikishije cyane.” Ababazwa nuko itsinda rye ry’abashakashatsi “ryambuwe uburenganzira bwo kumenya ibikubiye mu buhamya bwanditse bw’uwahoze ari minisitiri w’intebe.
Ni ibiki byari bikubiye muri iyi nyandiko amaherezo yasanzwe mu bubiko bwite bwa Rocard?
Yabanje kwibutsa uburyo, nka Minisitiri w’intebe, yari yarashyizwe ku ruhande mu gufata icyemezo cyo gutabara mu Rwanda mu 1990, ubwo ubutegetsi bwariho bwasabye ubufasha bw’u Bufaransa kugira ngo bahangane n’abarwanyi ba RPF bari bateye baturutse muri Uganda. Umuyobozi wa guverinoma ya François Mitterrand avuga ko yamenyeye mu itangazamakuru ko hatangijwe Opération Noroît, yari igizwe n’ubufasha burambye bwagombaga kugenda bwiyongera mu gushyigikira Ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Mu by’ukuri, “u Rwanda, ntazigera numva ibyarwo”, nk’uko akomeza ashimangira Rocard, wamagana mu itangazo rye politiki ya Afurika ishingiye ahanini ku masezerano y’ubufasha bwa gisirikare. Ihuza u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda yemerejwe “mu rugendo” rwa Valéry Giscard d’Estaing mu 1975, nk’uko yibuka mbere yo kongeraho ati: “Icyo gihe ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwari bwaragaragaje ibipimo ngenderwaho. Byarangwaga n’ivangura”, ariko u Bufaransa bukabyirengagiza buvuga ko niba anakora ubwicanyi yica bacye.
Agaciro k’ubuhamya
Bwana Rocard yakomeje asobanura inkuru zashyizweho igihe kirekire n’ingoro ya Elysee, hanyuma zigakomeza gushyigikirwa n’abari bashyigikiye politiki y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, bifuzaga ko Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana aba umufatanyabikorwa wemewe w’u Bufaransa, wafatwaga nk’uhanganye n’inyeshyamba zafatwaga nk’abanyamahanga.
Icyakora, Rocard wasuye u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu 1997, akabona imiterere nyayo ya RPF. Yemeje ko atari umutwe w’ “Abatutsi b’Abagande”, nkuko abari begereye Mitterrand babisobanuraga, ahubwo ari “ingabo zigizwe n’abaturage b’Abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro”, warwanyaga “ubutegetsi bubi” bwahindutse buhoro buhoro “igitugu ariko cyashyizweho n’amategeko”. Aha yakomeje yibaza ati “ubundi abajyanama b’abasirikare b’u Bufaransa bari bagize Opération Noroît bari bashinzwe iki ?”
Amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha, yashyizweho umukono muri Kanama 1993 hagati ya FPR n’abari ku butegetsi, koko yorohejwe n’u Bufaransa? Avuga ko ibi bihabanye n’ukuri. Uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe yagize ati: “Ibyo ari byo byose, agarutse avuye muri Arusha, Habyarimana, bitandukanye n’ibyo amaze gusinya, yakomeje ubutegetsi bwe”.
“Ni ryari iyoherezwa ry’intwaro za nyuma z’Abafaransa zohererejwe Habyarimana ryarangiye?” Rocard aracyibaza. Iki kibazo ntikirasubizwa, nyuma y’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri kibajijwe muri ubu buryo. Muri icyo gihe, yanagaragaje icyifuzo cyo “gukuraho inzitizi z’ubukungu na politiki ziari zikiremereye ku Rwanda”, yemeza ko mu 1998, u Bufaransa bwari bukomeje kwanga igihugu kiyobowe na FPR, yari yatsinze nyuma y’amahano ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.
Ikinyamakuru Libération kikaba kivuga ko n’iki cyifuzo cyo kongera kwiyegereza u Rwanda ari icya Perezida Emmanuel Macron ndetse gikomeje guhura n’abakitambika cyane cyane mu bahoze ari ibikomerezwa mu ishyaka ry’abasosiyalisiti.
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