Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, ubushakashatsi bwa RDHS bugaragaza ko uturere tw’intara y’Iburengerazuba tuza mu myanya ya mbere mu kugira abana bafite igwingira n’imirire mibi, kandi ariyo ntara ifatwa nk’ikigega cy’igihugu ku biryo kurusha izindi.
Intara y’Iburengerazuba iza imbere mu kugira abana bafite igwingira, aho mu turere twa Ngororero, Rubavu na Nyabihu turi mu tuza ku isonga, kandi dukungahaye ku byo kurya.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Gatandatu ku buzima n’imibereho by’abaturage (Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey) bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), bwerekana ko 33% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu mu Rwanda bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira, aho usanga biganje mu ntara y’ibirengerazuba n’iyamajyaruguru.
Raporo ijyanye n’ubuzima yasohotse muri Gashyantare 2024 igaragaza ko akarere ka Nyabihu ku rundi ruhande gafite gipimo cya 35,1% by’abana bagwingiye, mu gihe umuhigo w’igihugu wari kuri 19% muri uyu mwaka wa 2024.
Ubushakashatsi ku buzima n’imibereho y’abaturage RDHS, bugaragaza ko mu Karere ka Nyabihu ibipimo by’igwingira mu bana byavuye kuri 59% mu mwaka wa 2015, bigera kuri 46,7% mu mwaka wa 2020 mu gihe ubwasohotse muri Kamena 2023, bwo bwagaragaje ko aka Karere kageze ku gipimo cya 34,2% by’abana bagwingiye.
Aka karere kagaragaramo igwingira mu gihe kazwiho kugira umusaruro mwinshi w’ibirayi n’imboga kurusha utundi, byiyongeraho imbuto n’amata.
Umuyobozi wungirije w’Akarere ka Nyabihu, ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, Simpenzwe Pascal, m’ugushyingo 2024 yatangaje ko Umurenge wa Jenda muri aka karere wonyine wihariye abana 542 bafite igwingira, agahamya ko bashyizeho ingamba zigamije kurirandura ndetse no kurikumira.
Kuba ubutaka bwihariwe na bamwe ngo ni kimwe mu bitera ikibazo cy’imirire mibi nk’uko Simpenzwe akomeza ku bivuga, ati “Hari ibyo kurya ariko dufite ikibazo cy’igwingira mu bana, n’ubwo duhinga tukeza hari ubwo usanga byihariwe n’abantu bamwe twakwita abakungu, ugasanga umuntu umwe afite nka hegirari eshanu undi afite 20, bikitwa ko abaturage bose bafite ubutaka bwo guhinga”.
Yagarutse no ku kibazo cy’imyumvire n’imyitwarire aho ababyeyi bamwe na bamwe batarinjira mu rugamba rwo kurwanya igwingira n’imirire mibi, aho usanga batabuze ibyo kurya ariko ntibamenya neza icyo umwana akenera kugira ngo akure neza, hakiyongeraho ikibazo cy’amakimbirane mu miryango.
Igwingira n’ikibazo cyugarije intara y’iburengerazuba muri rusange
Ni ikibazo kinagaragara muri Rubavu baturanye kuko mu mwaka wa 2023 igwingira muri aka karere ryari ku gipimo cya 40.2%, nyamara kabonekamo umusaruro uhagije w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi byiyongeraho ibikomoka ku burobyi nk’amafi, indugu ndetse n’isambaza.
Yaba Nyabihu, Ngororero na Rubavu twose turi mu turere 10 twugarije n’igwingira kurusha utundi mu Rwanda; ikibazo dusangiye na Nyamasheke, Rutsiro, Musanze, Burera, Gicumbi, Kirehe, na Gasabo.
Muri utu turere by’umwihariko 5 two mu ntara y’iburengerazuba intandaro y’igwingira mu bana rihiganje rikomoka ku makimbirane yo mu miryango, inda ziterwa abangavu, kutagira ubumenyi buhegije ku guteka indyo yuzuye, hari kandi no kuba ubutaka bwera busanzwe bwigaruriwe n’igice kimwe cy’abaturage (abakungu) abanda ugasanga nta n’aho bakubaka akarima k’igikoni batunze.
Irabishohoje Innocent, umuturage utuye mu murenge wa Jenda, akarere ka Nyabihu agaragaza ko hari n’ababyeyi bagira uruhare mu igwingira ry’abana bitewe no kudashyira hamwe.
Ati “Umugore hari ubwo abigiramo uruhare iyo asamye ntatangire kwiyitaho, hari kandi kudashyira hamwe k’umugore n’umugabo, bigatuma umugore ahangayikishwa n’imibare yo kugabamo ya mafaranga 1500 yakoreye mo ubukode, imyambaro, amafunguro, ibyo byose bituma adatekereza ku bigize indyo yuzuye kubera kugira ibibazo byinshi atabasha gukemura wenyine”.
RDHS 2015-2020 yashyize akarere ka Ngororero ku gipimo cya 50.5% mu igwingira, ndetse byibura umwana umwe mu bana babiri muri Ngororero afite igwingira. Umwana ufite igwingira arengeje imyaka ibiri ntaba agifite igaruriro haba mu mikurire y’igihagararo no mu bwenge, ndetse n’imitecyerereze ye iba igenda gahoro, nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga.
Nkusi Christophe, umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngororero kuwa 18 ukuboza 2024, ubwo yagezaga ubutumwa ku bari bitabiriye inama nyungurana bitekerezo yaguye ku kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira yavuze ko n’ubwo imibare y’igwingira yagabanutse muri aka karere, ariko ko itajyanye n’ejo heza bifuza.
Aho yagize ati “Intambwe imaze guterwa mu kurwanya igwingira mu karere ka Ngororero irashimishije, twavuye ku gipimo cy’ubugwingire cya 50,5% mu mwaka wa 2020, ubu turi kuri 24,7% muri 2024. Gusa urugamba rurakomeje kuko tugomba kugera ku gipimo cya 0%, kuko igwingira ntirijyana n’ejo hazaza heza twifuriza Akarere kacu.”
Muri uru rugamba rwo kurwanya igwingira yakomeje gusaba abaturage kwitabira gahunda yo kwivana mu bukene, kwitabira ibikorwa by’isuku n’isukura, guhinga imboga n’imbuto, ibihumyo, kugabura indyo yuzuye no kwirinda amakimbirane mu miryango, nk’impamvu muzi zitiza umurindi iki kibazo cyugarije abana.
Akarere ka Ngororero kavuga ko gafite gahunda nyinshi zifasha mu kurwanya igwingira, zirimo icyumweru cyahariwe imirire na gahunda ya “Nyimana nkwimane twifashe kubaho” ishingiye ku korozanya amatungo magufi.
Na gahunda ya “Kubera iki kandi mpari” iharanira kuzamura imiryango itishoboye.
Akarere ka Rubavu ni kamwe mu turere twagiye tuvugwamo ibibazo by’igwingira ry’abana, abenshi bagatunga agatoki kuba ako karere gakora ku mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Congo (RDC), ahakorerwa ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, maze bagahugira mu bushabitsi ntibabone ubwita ku bana.
Bamwe mu baturiye umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Congo, bavuga ko gushakisha imibereho bambuka umupaka ibyo bise ubushabitsi, aribyo biza ku isonga mu kongera umubare w’abana bagwingira, dore ko 80% mu bakora ubwo bushabitsi ari abagore.
Bahamya ko abiganjemo abagore bahugira muri iyo mirimo y’ubushabitsi bakabura umwanya wo kwita ku bana babo, dore ko mu bagore bajya muri ubwo bushabitsi barimo abatwite n’abonsa, bityo imikurire y’umwana utaragera iminsi 1000 ikadindira, kandi yakagombye kwitabwaho mu buryo bwihariye.
N’ubwo ubwo bushabitsi bw’ababyeyi bugikomeje, igwingira mu Karere ka Rubavu ngo ritangiye kugabanuka, kubera ubwiyongere bw’ingo mbonezamikurire (ECDs), aho zagiye zubakwa hirya no hino mu Mirenge ikikije imipaka.
Hagendewe ku mabarura agenda akorwa, mu Karere ka Rubavu igwingira n’imirire mibi biragenda rigabanuka, aho muri 2015 hagaragazwa bwa mbere raporo ijyanye n’igwingira, Rubavu yari kuri 45,6% mu gihe muri 2023 akarere kari kuri 25%, nk’uko Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, Ishimwe Pacifique abivuga.
Mu Karere ka Rubavu, hubatswe ingo mbonezamikurire (amarerero) 1434 yakira abana 50,096, hakiyongeraho n’izindi ngo zishamikiye ku mashuri 154, n’izindi zishamikiye ku nsengero no ku nyubako zitandukanye za Leta, nk’uko umuyobozi w’akarere wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza, Ishimwe Pacifique yabitangarije BWIZA.
Ati “Nyuma yo kubona ko twasubiye inyuma aho mu mwaka 2023 twawusoje turi kuri 25% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 2 bari mu igwingira, hanyuma mu mwaka 2024 mu kwezi kwa 6 tukagera kuri 32%, twashyizeho gahunda zikomatanije zo gupima abana buri kwezi, kurwaza abana bagaragaye ko bafite imirire mibi mu gihe cy’iminsi 12, dusesengura imiryango irwaje imirire mibi, kubashyira muri gahunda zo kwa muganga zirwanya imirire mibi, gahunda ya parainage bishingiye ku kibazo umuryango ufite, mu bukamgurambaga twakoze mu cyumweru cy’ubuzima bw’umubyeyi n’umwana tubona twaragabanije cyane ndetse ibipimo ni bisohoka dushobora kujya munsi y’i 10%.”
Uko impuguke mu by’ubuzima rusange ibona iki kibazo cy’igwingira mu turere dukungahaye ku biribwa
Dr. Venant Iyakaremye, Umuyobozi w’ikigo nderabuzima cya Kayove mu karere ka Rutsiro, akaba n’impuguke mu by’ubuzima rusange asanga imyumvire y’abaturage ariyo ntandaro y’igwingira ryiganje mu turere twa Nyabihu, Ngororero na Rubavu.
Ati “Muri utu turere tw’intara y’iburengerazuba hari ibintu bihuriweho bituma igwingira rikomeza kuza imbere, birimo kudasobanukirwa (abaturage bagifite ikibazo cy’imyumvire) kw’abaturage batazi gutandukanya imirire mibi no kugwingira, kutamenya ikibitera, aho usanga n’ufite ibyo kurya atamenya kubitegura, amakimbirane yo mu miryango ugasanga abana bato bitabwaho n’abagore gusa, abagabo bakunda agasembuye.”
Akomeza kandi avuga ko mu mboni ze impamvu imibare y’igwingira ikomeza kwiyongera bituruka ku kudakoresha serivisi z’ubuzima uko bikwiriye (gupima abana ku gihe kandi neza), ngo ababyeyi baboneze urubyaro, babashe konsa igihe kinini nk’igisubizo mu kugabanya imirire mibi ariko abaturage babyara indahekana.
Ikindi gisubizo atanga n’inkono y’umwana (indyo yuje intungamubiri), aho abaturage batazi neza ko umwana adakwiriye kurya ibitandukanye n’abantu bakuru kandi kenshi, aho usanga mu miryango myinshi umwana arira rimwe n’ababyeyi kandi bakarya indyo imwe.
Asanga kandi abaturage bakwiriye kugira umuco wo gukundana binyuze mu (korozanya no gutizanya ubutaka) ku bafite inka nyinshi n’ubutaka bugari bakabasha kubibyaza umusaruro, kandi bikabungukira bombi.
Ikibazo cy’igwingira gihangayikishije intara y’iburengerazuba.
Ntibitura Jean Bosco, Guverineri w’intara y’iburengerazuba nawe kubwe asanga ikibazo cy’igwingira gihangayikishije. Ati “N’ikibazo gihangayikishije intara cyane kuko bidindiza iterambere n’Ejo Heza twifuza. Ikiri gukorwa n’uko mu ngendo tugirira hirya no hino mu turere, dukangurira ababyeyi guhindura imyumvire mu gutegura indyo yuzuye igenewe abana kuko si ibintu bihenze, cyane ko mu byo beza harimo imboga n’imbuto.”
Akomeza avuga ko bashyize imbaraga muri gahunda z’ubukangurambaga bahereye hasi mu midugudu mu gushishikariza ababyeyi kurwanya igwingira bahinga uturima tw’igikoni no kugaburira abana indyo yuzuye bahereye ku byo beza aho kubigurisha byose ngo basigarire aho.
