Abahanga bavuga ko inzira ya muntu ari nk’uruziga, cyangwa inzoka yiruma umurizo. N’ubwo ushobora kudahita ubyumva byoroshye, iyo bavuze batya baba bashatse kuvuga ko umuntu avuka, agaca mu nzira ndende y’ubuzima ariko amaherezo akazongera akava ku Isi. Ni uko bigenda, ibyago bikaza mu Isi, bikagenda nyuma bikagaruka, urwo rugendo rukaba nk’uruziga (cycle).
Nta muntu wihitiramo uko azabaho mu minsi azamara ku Isi, ndetse n’ikizahamukura. Ni yo mpamvu ujya kumva ukumva umuntu wari muzima udataka n’ibicurane, ngo akoze impanuka arapfuye nta n’umwe wari ubyiteze.
Intambara, Ibiza, impanuka n’indwara z’ibyorezo ushaka wabyita nyirabayazana mu guhitana imbaga y’abantu mu mateka y’Isi. Gusa ntituributinde ku ntambara cyangwa impanunka kuko muri aka kanya nta gihugu cyo ku Isi kidahangayikishijwe n’icyorezo kitamaze igihe kinini cyatangiriye mu mugi wa Wuhan mu Bushinwa, ariko kikaba cyaramaze kuzenguruka Isi yose, ari nako cyivugana abantu benshi. Ubu umuntu wese ahangayikishijwe n’icyorezo cyatewe n’agakoko ka coronavirus cyiswe Covid-19.
Ibi rero ni byo byatumye tujya mu nyandiko nlibindi bigaragaza ibisigisigi by’amateka yaranze Isi, maze tureba ibindi byorezo byabayeho, imbarutso yabyo, abantu byahitanye, inzira byanyuzemo n’abagize uruhare ngo bibonerwe inkingo.
Abahanga b’abashakashatsi mu bya siyansi n’ubuvuzi bavuga ko indwara yitwa icyorezo mu gihe yandura kandi ikanica umubare w’abantu benshi mu buryo bwihuse.
Hagati y’umwaka wa 541 na 542, mu cyahoze ari ubwami bwa Roma hateye icyorezo cy’ubuheri cyitwaga Plague of Justinian gihereye mu burengerazuba bw’ubwami bwa Roma ahitwaga Byzantine, by’umwihariko mu murwa mukuru waho ari wo Constatinople. Iki cyorezo kicyaduka cyabanje kwibasira inkengero z’inyanja ya Mediterane.
Bamwe mu banyamateka bagiye bavuga ko iki cyorezo kiri mu kaga Isi yigeze yahura nako, kuko cyahitanye abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 25 na 50 mu gihe kingana n’ibinyejana bibiri gusa cyamaze. Hagendewe ku bantu bari batuye Isi muri icyo gihe, iki cyorezo cyari cyishe hagati ya 13 na 26% by’abari bayituye bose.
Mu bushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2013, bwagaragaje ko icyorezo cya Plague of Justinian cyangwa ubuheri cyatewe na bagiteri yitwa Yersinia Pestis ari nayo yateye ikindi cyorezo cyiswe Urupfu Rwirabura’ cyabayeho hagati y’1347 na 1351.
Kugira ngo iki cyorezo cyitwe Plague of Justinian, byaturutse ku wahoze ari umwami w’abami cyangwa se Emperor wa Roma, witwaga Justinian I.
Abahanga mu kwiga uko utunyangingo dushobora guhererekanywa n’ibisekuru, bakurikije ubushakashatsi bakoreye ku bisigaratongo byamagufa ylabantu babayeho hagati ylimyaka 3000 na 800 mbere ya Yesu, mu burengerazuba n’uburasirazuba bw’icyitwaga Eurasia, bagaragaje ko ari ho havuye inkomoko ya bagiteri ya Yersinia Pestis yateye iki cyorezo mu buryo bwo kuyihererekanya muri DNA.
Inyandiko zimwe zivuga ko mu gace ka Constatinople, icyorezo cy’ubuheri cyatewe na Virus yavuye mu mbeba zari zaraturutse mu mirima y’ingano yo mu Misiri.
Umuntu wa mbere wagaragaje ko mu bwami bwa Roma hateye icyorezo, ni umugabo witwaga Procopius wo muri Byzantine mu mwaka wa 541, maze mu gihe gito cyane, gitangira kujya cyivugana abagera ku 10,000 ku munsi, ariko mu mwaka wa 750 icyorezo kirangiye, abahanga batandukanye bakoze igereranya bagaragaza ko nibura abantu 5,000 bapfaga buri munsi.
Impamvu iki cyorezo cyafashe intera mu gihe gito cyane, byari byoroshye cyane ko bagiteri igitera ikwirakwira kuko rimwe na rimwe nlabantu bapfaga baburaga uko bashyingurwa kubera ubwinshi bwabo, bigatuma n’imirambo ubwayo ibanduza.
Ntibyagarukiye aho, kuko hagati y’1347 n’1351, Isi yahuye na cya cyorezo karahabutaka cyitwaga ‘Urupfu Rwirabura’, Black Death maze kiyogoza umugabane w’u Burayi.
Iki cyorezo ni cyo tuzakomeza tureba uko cyadutse ku Isi, abantu cyahitanye n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe ngo kibonerwe umuti nlurukingo. Igice cya kabiri kirajya hanze kuri uyu wa 26 Gicurasi 2020
Umwanditsi: Jean Claude Nshimiyimana
