Nyuma y’uko twabonye inkomoko n’amateka y’icyorezo cya mbere cyabayeho ku Isi, kigahitana abantu benshi cyitwaga Plague of Justinian, ubu noneho tugiye kureba icyakurikiyeho ari cyo cyiswe Black Death (Urupfu Rwirabura).
Igice cya mbere http://bwiza.com/?Ibyorezo-byabayeho-mu-mateka-y-Isi-bigahitana-abantu-benshi-n-uburyo-byagiye
Iki cyorezo cyo cyari ingaruka z’icyo twavugaga haruguru cya Plague of Justinian kuko na cyo cyatewe na ya bagiteri ya Yersinia Pestis. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko iyi bagiteri yagumye mu bantu maze ikajya ihererekanywa n’ibisekuru mu cyitwa Genetic.
Mu mwaka umwe gusa, iki cyorezo cyari kimaze kugera mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane w’Afurika, mu Butatiyani, Espanye no mu Bufaransa, maze mu mwaka wakurikiyeho w’1349 kigera muri Austria, Switzerland no mu Budage.
Mu kwezi kwa Munani mu 1348, uwitwa Melcombe Regis na Dorset bagaragayeho iki cyorezo cy’Urupfu Rwirabura mu gihugu cy’u Bwongereza maze mu kwezi kwa Kabiri n’ukwa Gatanu, Abongereza barapfa karahava.
Muri iki gihugu, iki cyorezo cyivuganye n’ibikomerezwa harimo umwamikazi w’Umwami witwaga Peter IV wayoboraga ubwami bwa Aragon, umwami Alfonso XI, ndetse n’igikomangomakazi cya Edward III nticyakirebeye izuba.
Icyorezo cy’Urupfu Rwirabura na cyo cyarangwanga n’ibiheri bidasanzwe kikaba cyarazengutse imigabane yose y’Isi havuyemo uw’Amerika, kikaba cyarasize gitwaye ubuzima bw’abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni 200 bose.
Bigaragara ko Isi yagiye yibasirwa n’indwara z’ibyorezo cyane kuko muri Mexico, na ho higeze kwaduka icyorezo cyiswe Small Pox, aho abantu bafashwe n’ibiheri byabaga byuzuyemo amashyira ku mubiri wose, maze iyi ndwara yandika amateka mabi buri muntu atacyfuza yo kuba ari yo ndwara kugeza ubu ku Isi yahitanye abantu benshi, bari hagati ya miliyoni 300 na 500.
Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ibi byorezo ni ho byibasiraga abantu kuko byabaga bigoye ko bakwiyitaho, maze bikabahitana ku buryo bworoshye.
Abagabo b’Abanya-Espagne ari bo Francisco Javier de Balmis na Ignacio Bartolache barwanye urugamba rwo gushaka inkingo no kurandura iki cyorezo cya Small Pox n’ubwo bitahise biborohera guhita babigeraho.
Abanya Mexico n’Abanyamerika babanje kuyoberwa iyi ndwara gusa Abanyaburayi bo bagezeyo, batangiye kubona ko ari icyorezo, ari nako bahise batangira kukirwanya mu 1521.
Mu mwaka w’1790-1791 Sall Pox yatangiye gucyahwa mu mugi wa Mexico kuko mu bantu 5,400 bayanduye, abagera kuri 4431 baravuwe barakira, mu gihe abapfuye bari 1,331.
Ibintu byaje gusubira irudubi maze mu 1797, iki cyorezo kirongera gifata intera muri New Spain, maze imiryango n’ibigo bitandukanye birahaguruka bitanga ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi no kubaka amavuriro yo kwita ku barwayi.
Kimwe mu bigo byatanze ubufasha cyane ni icyitwaga Ayuntamiento gusa n’abaherwe bagiye batanga inkunga zitandukanye, bigizwemo uruhare n’Uunya-Espagne witwaga Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta.
Mu 1803, Dr Francisco Javier Belmis yatangiye gutanga urukingo rwa Small Pox rwari rwaramwitiriwe aho rwitwaga Balmis Expedition. Uru rukingo rwagabanyije imfu zaterwaga n’iki cyorezo ku buryo bugaragara. Mbere gato ya Dr Belmis, Dr José María Arboleyda na we yari yagerageje gushaka urukingo mu 1801 ariko ntibyakunda.
Urugamba rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya Small Pox muri mexico rwari rwaratangiye mu 1779, ubwo José Ignacio Bartolache yandikaga igitabo yise ‘Instrucción que puede servir para que se cure a los enfermos de las viruelas epidemicas que ahora se padecen en México’. Ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, bishatse kuvuga amabwiriza yakwifashishwa mu kurwanya Small Pox muri Mexico.
Uyu mugabo mu ntangiriro y’igitabo, yasobanuraga indwara n’uburyo yavurwa harimo kunywa amazi ashyushye arimo umunyu n’ubuki ndetse na ‘vinegre’ ubundi umuntu akita ku isuku cyane.
Igikorwa cya Francisco Javier de Balmis cyo gutanga urukingo cyatangiye mu 1803 ahereye muri New Spain, gusa n’umusirikare witwaga Cristóval María Larrañaga yagiye arutanga muri New Mexico kugeza mu 1951, ubwo hatangazwaga ko icyorezo cya Small Pox cyamaze gushira muri mexico burundu n’ubwo cyari cyivuganye abatari bake.
Igice cya gatatu kisohoka ejo.
