Inzobere mu mategeko zagize uruhare mu rubanza ku Rwanda, cyangwa zashyigikiye ikirego kuri gahunda ijyanye n’u Rwanda, zavuze ko itegeko rishya rishobora gutangiza urugamba rwagira ingaruka zikomeye muri politiki hagati ya leta y’u Bwongereza n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hamwe n’Urukiko rw’u Burayi rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu (European Court of Human Rights, ECHR).
Umwe mu nzobere mu mategeko wubashywe cyane, Prof. Mark Elliott wigisha amategeko kuri Kaminuza ya Cambridge mu Bwongereza, yamaze gutangaza inyandiko ku rubuga rwa internet, aho avuga ko ubu ari “uburyarya bwo ku rwego rurenze ukwemera”.
Iyo gahunda ivuga ko inkiko z’u Bwongereza zigomba kwirengagiza irindi tegeko iryo ari ryo ryose ryo mu Bwongereza ritambamiye kubona ko u Rwanda rutekanye, ibi birakomeye kuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko amategeko nk’iryo ahari.
None rero, ibi birasiga hehe iyi gahunda?
Urupapuro rubanza rw’uyu mushinga w’itegeko hari icyo rubivugaho. Buri tegeko rishya ryose rigomba kubamo ingingo ivuga niba iyi gahunda nta kibazo iteje ku bijyanye n’amasezerano y’u Burayi ku burenganzira bwa muntu.
Uyu mushinga w’itegeko urimo iyo ngingo ibyizeza, kandi ibyo bivuze ko abanyamategeko ba leta y’u Bwongereza baburiye abaminisitiri ko bishoboka cyane kurusha uko bitashoboka ko uwo mushinga w’itegeko uzahirima nuhura n’ibirego mu nkiko by’igihe kirekire.
Rero uyu mushinga w’itegeko nuramuka wemejwe, inzobere nyinshi zivuga ko zirimo kwitegura urubanza rushya rwa karahabutaka, niba ahubwo atari imanza nyinshi.
Zimwe muri izo manza zishobora no gutangirira i Edinburgh, muri Scotland (à‰cosse), niba iyi gahunda hari aho ihutaje igice cyo mu mategeko ya Scotland, ibiro bya Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Bwongereza bitatekerejeho.
BBC dukesha iyi nkuru ivuga ko uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza, Boris Johnson, byamubayeho, ubwo yatsindwaga bikomeye kubera gufunga inteko ishinga amategeko mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ubwo hari hari ikibazo cyo kuva mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kw’u Bwongereza.
Mu gihe ibintu byaba bibaye bibi cyane, iyi gahunda ishobora guteza impagarara mu rwego rw’amategeko zitigeze zibaho mbere, hagati y’inteko ishinga amategeko n’abacamanza.
Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ntirushobora kuburizamo itegeko ry’ibanze, ariko rufite ububasha bwo gusohora itangazo ryuko ridahuye n’andi mategeko (“Declaration of Incompatibility”).
Icyo ni icyemezo cy’imbonekarimwe, kivuga ko itegeko ryemejwe n’inteko ishingamategeko (Act of Parliament) rikwiye kongera kwigwaho kuko ridahuye n’iby’ibanze byo mu masezerano y’u Burayi ku burenganzira bwa muntu byashyizwe mu mategeko y’u Bwongereza.
Uburenganzira bubiri nk’ubwo buhita buza mu mutwe iyo utekereje kuri gahunda ijyanye n’u Rwanda. Ni uburenganzira bwo kudakorerwa ibintu bitari ibya kimuntu, n’uburenganzira bwuko dosiye yawe yumvwa mu buryo butabogamye, mbere y’uko ushyirwa mu ndege ikujyana mu Rwanda.
Niba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusohoye itangazo ry’uko itegeko runaka ridahuye n’andi mategeko (Declaration of Incompatibility), ubundi biba bivuze ko guverinoma ikwiye gusaba inteko ishinga amategeko kuvugurura iryo tegeko riteje ikibazo. Ariko ntabwo inteko ishinga amategeko itegetswe kubikora, ari na ho za mpagarara zishobora kuvukira.
Rero niba abaminisitiri bakomeje gahunda yo kohereza mu Rwanda abasaba ubuhungiro, nta kabuza ko abarega bazahita bagerageza gutanga ikirego cyabo, nkuko byaba bikiri uburenganzira bwabo mu rwego rw’amategeko, mu Rukiko rw’u Burayi rw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (European Court of Human Rights).
Urwo rukiko, rufite icyicaro i Strasbourg mu Bufaransa, rwahita rwiga niba rushaka gutambamira iyo gahunda, n’indege zitwaye abasaba ubuhungiro zibajyana mu Rwanda, mu gihe rwiga kuri iyo dosiye y’urubanza.
Mu gihe rwaba rukoze ibyo, umushinga w’itegeko urimo ingamba ivuga ko abaminisitiri bashobora kwirengagiza icyemezo nk’icyo, maze indege bakayiha ikirere.
Ariko hari inzitizi ebyiri zikomeye ku kuba iyo gahunda yashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Iya mbere ni politiki. Bakeneye ko ibi binyura mu nteko ishinga amategeko, kandi nta cyizere gihari cy’uko umutwe wa sena uzabyemera.
Bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi batangiye kwibaza impamvu Minisitiri w’ubutabera w’u Bwongereza, Alex Chalk, n’Umushinjacyaha mukuru Victoria Prentice, bashyigikiye uwo mushinga w’itegeko, mu gihe bombi bafite inshingano zo mu rwego rw’amategeko zo kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga ashobora kuba agiye kwirengagizwa vuba aha. Amajwi menshi mu mutwe w’abadepite ashobora kuba abashyigikiye.
Iya kabiri, dufashe ko uyu mushinga uhindutse itegeko, ni uko zimwe mu ntyoza mu mategeko zo mu Bwongereza zarwanyije leta mu nkiko kuri gahunda ijyanye n’u Rwanda. Iyi gahunda ishobora kugarizwa n’ibirego byinshi cyane byo mu nkiko kuburyo icyemezo cya nyuma cy’urukiko gishobora kutazigera kigerwaho mbere yuko amatora rusange ataha, yo mu 2025, aba.
