Mu rugamba rutoroshye rugana ku bwigenge mu by’ingufu no guteza imbere ubukungu, u Rwanda rwatangiye gushakisha peteroli mu Kiyaga cya Kivu bimaze kugaragara ko gishobora kuba gikungahaye ku mutungo w’ingufu na cyane ko gisanzwe kinabonekamo gaz methane.
Iyi gahunda ntabwo isezeranya kuzamura ingufu z’u Rwanda gusa ahubwo izanateza imbere ubukungu bwarwo, ari nako cyita ku mpungenge z’ibidukikije na politiki. Mu gihe igihugu gitera intambwe mu bushakashatsi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, birumvikana n’ibyo kwishimira ariko no kwitondera.
Kuri uyu wa Gatatu, itariki 15 Mutarama 2025, nibwo Ikigi cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, peteroli na gaz (RMB), cyashyize ahagaragara itangazo ku bushakashatsi cyakoze kuri peteroli mu Kiyaga cya Kivu.
“Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ivumburwa rya peteroli bwakozwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya “2D seismic Survey” (2021-2022) bwagaragaje ko munsi y’Ikiyaga cya Kivu hari amahirwe menshi ko hari peteroli”, ibi ni ibikubiye mu itangazo rya RMB.
Iri tangazo rikomeza rigira riti: “Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu burebure bwa km 3.5 munsi y’ikiyaga hari ibimenyetso bya peteroli bigaragara mu duce 13; kandi bukerekana n’ahantu ho gucukura kugira ngo hashimangirwe ubwoko n’ingano bya peteroli. RMB iri mu gikorwa cyo gushaka abafatanyabikorwa mu gukomeza ubushakashatsi buganisha kumenya ingano ya peteroli munsi y’Ikiyaga cya Kivu.”
Ikiyaga cya Kivu giherereye ku mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC), kizwiho imiterere yihariye irimo kugira methane na dioxyde de carbone. Iyi myuka irafatwa kandi igakoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu, aho kuva kera yakunze gushishikaza abahanga n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’ingufu. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko iki kiyaga gishobora kuba gifite ibigega byinshi bya peteroli na gaze bidakoreshwa, ibyatumye Leta y’u Rwanda itangira ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi.
Guverinoma yafatanije n’ibigo mpuzamahanga bifite ubunararibonye kugira ngo ikore ubushakashatsi, inagaragaza ko itazavoma gusa ahubwo izita no ku kugoresha uburyo bwiza butangiza ibidukikije.
Icyemezo cy’u Rwanda cyo gushakisha umutungo wa peteroli kije mu gihe igihugu giharanira kugabanya gushingira ku biva mu mahanga. Kugeza ubu, ingufu nyinshi u Rwanda rwifashisha zituruka ku mashanyarazi atangwa n’amazi n’izuba hacye, nubwo ashobora kuvugururwa, ashobora gukomwa mu nkokora n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Mu gihe abaturage bashaka amashanyarazi biyongera cyane, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ibona ko peteroli na gaz ari igisubizo gifatika kugira ngo hizerwe umutekano w’ingufu ndetse n’izamuka ry’ubukungu ryihuse.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, ntabwo umushinga wo gushakisha peteroli wigeze ubaho udateje impaka. Amatsinda aharanira kurwanya kwangiza ibidukikije yagiye azamura impungenge z’ingaruka ku bidukikije zishobora guterwa no gucukura Peteroli mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Iki kiyaga kibamo ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kandi kikaba gishyigikira imibereho y’abarobyi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, cyugarijwe no kubyazwa umusaruro birenze urugero ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Abarengera ibidukikije basaba guverinoma gukandagira yitonze, bashimangira akamaro ko kutibagirwa kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gushakisha ubukungu.
Umwe mu baharanira kurengera ibidukikije, Marie Claire Uwase yagize ati: “Tugomba kwibuka ko Ikiyaga cya Kivu atari umutungo gusa; ni urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rubeshejeho ubuzima bw’abantu benshi”. “Nubwo twumva ko hakenewe iterambere, twizera ko igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyakozwe kigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi bwinshi no kurinda umurage karemano.”
Mu rwego rwo gusubiza izo mpungenge, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yijeje abaturage ko izashyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye kandi igakora isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije mbere y’uko gucukura bitangira.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rutangiye iki gice gishya cyo gushakisha ingufu, ingaruka ni nyinshi. U Rwanda rubashije kuvoma peteroli na gaz mu Kiyaga cya Kivu bishobora guhindura ubukungu bw’igihugu, guhanga imirimo, no kwizera umutekano mu by’ingufu muri rusange. Ariko, bizasaba gucungwa neza no kwiyemeza ibikorwa birambye kugirango umutekano w’ibidukikije w’iki kiyaga cy’agaciro urindwe kubw’ibisekuruza bizaza.
Mu gusoza, gahunda y’u Rwanda yo gushakisha umutungo wa peteroli na gaz mu Kiyaga cya Kivu yerekana intambwe ikomeye iganisha ku bwigenge mu by’ingufu no kuzamuka mu bukungu. Nta gushidikanya ko urugendo ruri imbere ruzaba rugizwe n’ibibazo ndetse n’ibyemezo bikaze, ariko hamwe n’uburyo bunoze bushyira imbere iterambere ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije, u Rwanda rufite amahirwe yo gutanga urugero rw’imicungire y’umutungo nk’uwo mu karere nk’uko rusanzwe rubigenza mu zindi nzego nk’ubuzima, umutekano, imyidagaduro n’izindi.
Gushakisha peteroli mu Rwanda byari byaratangijwe ariko biza guhagarara mu 2014. Byongeye kubyutswa ubwo ikigo cyo muri Canada, Black Swan Energy, cyavumburaga ko mu gice cy’Uburasirazuba cya Kivu hashobora gucukurwamo peteroli na gaz mu buryo bworoshye.
