None se na n’ubu ko akiyita umunyekongo, Munyagishari yaje ate gukora jenoside mu Rwanda? Inshuti yamuvanye iwabo Zaïre aza kwiga mu Rwanda. Nyuma indi nshuti iza kumujyana muri MRND, no muri jenoside ngo ba! Urugendo rwabaye rurerure!
Ubwo yavukiraga i Musongati ya Masisi, muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru, ku wa 6 Mutarama 1958, mwene Ndinkabandi Simoni na Nyirakibibi Asteria yari umwana nk’abandi, waje gushishikazwa no kwiga gusa. Ni uko yavuye ku ishuri ry’ahitwa Gitovu, muri Masisi, maze mu 1973 inshuti y’umuryango imuzana kwiga ku Gisenyi mu Rwanda. Ibi byabaye uruhurirane rw’urwimo rwa Perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali, aho hari benshi nka Munyagishari, bavugaga ikinyarwanda, bashishikarizwaga kuza gukora no gutura mu Rwanda.
Ni uko Munyagishari yatewe intambwe ye ya mbere, ariko yinjira neza mu rugendo ubwo yahabwaga, mu 1978, ibyangombwa nk’umunyarwanda uvuka mu murenge wa Kanzenze, muri Komini Mutura. Uyu mwirondoro ni na wo yinjiranye uwo mwaka ubwo yahabwaga nomero imuranga mu Isanduku y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi (Caisse sociale du Rwanda).
Ari uko bimeze, Munyagishari yaba yaravukiye ahantu habiri hatandukanye! Mu rubanza rwe, ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje kwemeza ko Munyagishari: 1) yavukiye mu Rwanda; 2) afite ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda; 3) yize mu Rwanda; 4) yigishije mu Rwanda; 5) yitabye inkiko zo mu Rwanda kandi akazitangamo ubuhamya; kandi 6) ko yumva ikinyarwanda. Ubushinjacyaha bwashingiye, by’umwihariko, ku nyandiko y’urubanza rwo mu mwaka wa 1982 rwasomwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwo mu Ruhengeri, aho Munyagishari yaba yaratanze ubuhamya mu Kinyarwanda.
Gusa yaba umunyekongo wavukiye i Musongati, yaba se umunyarwanda wavukiye i Mutura, nyir’ubwite, mu bujurire, yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Ategereje umwanzuro w’urukiko kuri uyu wa 30 Mata 2021.
Umwambari w’ingoma
Nyuma y’amashuri yisumbuye muri Collège Inyemeramihigo na Mibirizi, yasohotse ari umwarimu, maze umwaka w’amashuri wa 1978-1979 awigisha mu mashuri abanza ya SANZARE. Gusa muri 1981 na 1982 yaje gufungwa kubera icyaha cyo gusambanya umukobwa ku ngufu. Ibi bisa n’ibyatumye asezera cyangwa asezererwa mu bwarimu, kuko yahise ajya gukora muri SONATUBES (1983-1990), mu mujyi wa Kigali, aho yari ashinzwe imenyekanisha ry’ibicuruzwa byayo muri gasutamo (déclarant en douanes).
Kubera ubuhanga yagaragaje, muri SONATUBES, mu gukora animasiyo no kuyiyobora, ubuyobozi bwa MRND bwamuteye imboni. Maze, kuva 1990-1992, abifashijwemo na Mukandekezi Geneviève, uwari umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri MRND, akaba n’umugore wa Ndeze Gaspard wari inshuti yo ku ivuko, yisanga muri MRND mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi. Ni bwo Karemera Edouard, wari Perezida w’iryo shyaka, yamurebye aramusshima, maze amusshinga kujya mu buyobozi bwa MRND ku Gisenyi, nk’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’ishyaka na Perezida w’Interahamwe.
Ingabo za jenoside !
Muri icyo gihe cy’inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi, inshingano nyamukuru yahawe yari iyo gutera ingabo mu bitugu Depite Banzi Wellars, mu guhangana n’andi mashyaka. Ariko, by’umwihariko, yagombaga gukora ku buryo urubyiruko rwa MRND (JMRND) rugira imbaraga ziruta iz’urw’ayandi mashyaka, nk’AMAJYOGI n’INKUBA za MDR, ABAKOMBOZI ba PSD n’abandi. Intambara yari ihari yari iyo kugwiza abayoboke no kubohoza abo mu yandi mashyaka babagarura muri MRND.
Nyuma y’igitero cy’INKOTANYI mu Ruhengeri, 1991 na 1993, no mu ntanzi z’ikigo cya Bigogwe, ibyari amagambo, kuririmba no kubyina ni bwo byahindutse GUKORA. Ni na bwo urubyiruko rwa MRND rwahawe izina Interahamwe, ruhinduka umutwe witwara gisirikare, maze na Munyagishari, aho ari, ahabwa inshingano nshya. Mu buryo butaziguye, itegeko ryabaye iryo « gutoranya mu nterahamwe izibereye urugamba, kuzitoza, kuziha intwaro no kuzihanganisha n’umwanzi ari we mututsi ». Aba ni bo bakoreye imyitozo mu iyicwa ry’abagogwe. Aba ni bo, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1992, kuri stade Muhoza, Perezida Habyarimana yabwiye ati « nanze kugenda ntagize ijambo mbabwira […] Nterahamwe zanjye, mwambaye muraberwa…Ndabwira ababishinzwe, bazabashakire umwambaro maze mwambare muberwe, tumanuke ». Ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 1992, bamanukana na Mugesera Leon, ku Kabaya. N’ahandi baramanuka, abatutsi baricwa, icumu rirahoga!
No muri MRND bamwe baratunguwe !
Impinduka zabaye mu nshingano z’interahamwe ngo si ko zamenywe na bose. Ku buryo ngo hari n’abatutsi bari bakizirindagiramo batazi ko binjiwemo n’abashinzwe kwica. Umunyamakuru Nshimiyimana Sam Goddy yabonanaga na bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye, kubera impano yo kuririmba. Matayo Ngirumpatse : « Iyo shobuja aguhamaye ati ngwino umfashe, ntiwabona imbaraga zimusubiza uti oya ! Uremera mugapfana ».
Muri iyo minsi ngo uwu munyamakuru yahuye na Kajuga Robert, wari perezida w’interahamwe, ngo amubaza impamvu asigaye yica abantu. Ngo yaramusubije ati « nanjye simbizi ! » ; amubwira ko hari urutonde ruzwi rw’interahamwe zizwi, ariko ko zishobora kuba « zivangwamo abasirikare bambaye imyenda isanzwe ». Nk’umuntu bari basanzwe baziranye, Sam Goddy ngo yamugiriye inama yo kubivamo, undi ati « aho bigeze aha, ugerageje no kubivamo baguhitana !»
Ukuboko kw’ubutabera
Muri Nyakanga 1994, ubwo Leta y’abatabazi yahungaga n’ingabo zayo, Munyagishari yahungiye i Nyamitaba muri Zaïre, ku birometero 50 ujya mu burengerazuba bwa Goma. Ni nyuma yo gusiga yararitse imbaga y’abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi n’ahandi.
Yatawe muri yombi ku wa 25 Gicurasi 2011, ahitwa Kitchanga, maze yoherezwa Arusha muri Tanzania, ku wa 14 Kamena 2011, mu Rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR). Mbere gato mu ibazwa, ryabereye imbere y’umugenzacyaha wa gisirikare i Goma, Munyagishari yari yemeye ibyaha bose. Maze tariki ya 20, ubwo yagezwaga bwa mbere imbere y’umucamanza, Arusha, atangira guhakana ibyaha byose yakekwagaho.
Nyuma yo koherezwa mu Rwanda n’urukiko rwa TPIR, ku wa 24 Nyakanga 2013, urubanza rwe rwatangiriye mu nzitizi rusozwa izo nzitizi zikiriho : ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu, ururimi rwo kuburanamo, gusumbanya ababuranyi, n’ibindi. Byageze muri Werurwe 2016, Munyagishari yivana mu iburanisha kugera ku wa 20 Mata 2017, ubwo urukiko rwacaga urubanza. Ahamywa ibyaha byose, uretse icyo gusambanya abagore ku ngufu, maze ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.
Yemeye icyaha !
« Musuzume mu nyandikomvugo z’iburanisha ryose, nta na hamwe musanga ko nabajijwe niba mburana nemera cyangwa mpakana icyaha ! » Iyi mvugo ni yo iranga umurongo mushya wo kuburana yemera icyaha yagaragaje mu bujurire, mu Ugushyingo 2020. Asobanura ko mbere hose atigeze ahabwa umwanya wo kwisobanura. None yarawuhawe, we n’ubushinjacyaha basasa inzobe, yemera ibyaha byose. Aricuza !
Gusa ntarasaba imbabazi abo yahemukiye bo ku Gisenyi, nka Kabanda Innocent, bagikeneye kumenya « ukuri ku byabaye, uko abacu bishwe n’aho bajugunywe ». Umucamanza arasoma urubanza kuri uyu wa 30 Mata !
Sehene Ruvugiro Emmanuel
