Tariki ya 30 Kamena buri mwaka, Isi yose yifatanya mu kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wa Asiteroyide cyangwa Imibumbe Mito (International Asteroid Day). Si umunsi wo kwinezeza no kwambara imyenda y’amabara, ahubwo ni igihe cyo guhagarara umwanya muto ugatekereza kandi ukibaza ko Isi dutuye atari igicumbi cy’umutekano usesuye.
Iki kirere tubona hejuru yacu kibumbatiye isanzure ryuzuyemo urunyuranyurane rw’ imyuka y’ibinyabutabire itandukanye, utumanyu duto tw’urutare cyangwa ibyuma twikora tukarema ibi twise imibumbe mito, Asteroids cyangwa ibyo bita ibibuye binini bizenguruka mu kirere
Izi Asteroids uburyo ziteye, uko zizenguruka isi ndetse n’ umuvuduko ziba ziriho ni ibintu bihora biteye abatuye isi impungenge ko zishobora kugongana n’Isi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, maze amateka y’ Isi agahinduka burundu.
Sinshatse ku gutera ubwoba cyangwa kukubuza gukomeza imishinga yawe ariko Tariki ya 30 Kamena Isi yose izirikana ho umunsi wa Asteroyide ntabwo watoranyijwe ku mpamvu z’amajyambere, cyangwa ku busa gusa ahubwo hari impamvu.
Niba waracengeye amateka reka nkwibutse iby’ impanuka ya Tunguska yabaye mu 1908, ubwo ikibuye kinini cyasandariraga hejuru y’ishyamba ryo muri Siberia, ukarimbura burundu igice cy’ishyamba kingana na kilometero kare 2,000Km2.
Iki nicyo kibuye gitoya, Umubumbe muto cyangwa Asteroide wateje ingaruka zikomeye ku Isi dutuyeho mu mateka ya vuba, nubwo nta bantu bapfuye kubera aho waguye mu ishyamba ahantu hadatuwe cyane.
Kuva icyo gihe, Isi yarakangutse, maze impuguke mu by’ ubumenyi bw’ikirere, abashakashatsi b’isanzure, ndetse n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, bemeza ko kumenya no gukurikirana imibumbe mito ari ingenzi cyane kurusha uko benshi babitekereza.
Ubundi Asteroide twise Imibumbe mito ni iki? Asteroids ni uturemangingo duto two mu isanzure dukunze kuba hagati y’imibumbe ya Marisi na Yupiteri. Dushobora kugira ubugari kuva kuri Santimetero imwe kugeza kuri Kilometero nyinshi.
Iyo kimwe muri ibyo bice kinini kinjiye mu Isanzure Isi nayo itembereramo mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka izuba, gishobora gusekura Isi hakaba Iturika rikomeye (nk’iryabaye i Tunguska cyangwa i Chelyabinsk),
Bishobora kandi guteza Tsunami mu mazi, Ihindagurika ry’ikirere, Icyuka cy’umuriro n’umwotsi w’ivu mu kirere, imirabyo y’ imvura idasanzwe (meteor showers) n’ ibindi…
Imibumbe mito cyangwa Asteroide kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka nk’iz’ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, akarusho ni uko itarangira mu gihe gito, ahubwo ingaruka zayo zishobora kumara imyaka myinshi cyangwa n’ibinyejana.
Reka turebera hamwe zimwe mu ngaruka zikomeye zagiye zibaho zitewe na Asteroide
Chicxulub yabaye muri leta ya Mexique mu myaka isaga miliyoni 66 ishize ahaguye umubumbe umeze nk’ ikibuye kinini gifite ubugari bwa km 10, wateje icyorezo cyahitanye ibinyabuzima byinshi ku Isi, harimo n’ inyamaswa za Dinosaures zitakiboneka ku isi.
Iyi niyo mpanuka ikomeye cyane yabaye mu mateka y’Isi yatewe n’ iki kibuye gikomotse mu kirere ndetse ikaba yarasize urwobo runini kandi rukomeye ruri mu nyanja yitwa Chicxulub Crater.
Indi mpanuka yabaye ni iyabereye mu ishyamba rya Tunguska muri Siberia, mu mwaka w’ 1908 aho iki kibumbe cyaturikiye mu kirere, gisiga ubuso bwa km² 2,000 zishyamba zisigara ari ubutayu, nubwo ntamuntu cyahitanye, ariko wagaragaje akaga imibumbe mito ishobora guteza mu mbaraga n’ ubushobozi bwayo yifitemo.
Impanuka y’ Isi ya vuba cyane ni iyabereye Chelyabinsk mu Uburusiya, mu mwaka wa 2013 aho Umubumbe muto wasandariye mu kirere, utera shockwave ibyarimbuye ibirahuri by’ amazi asaga 7,000, abantu barenga 1,500 barakomereka.
I Hoba muri Namibia naho ikibuye giturutse mu kirere kisenyuye ku butaka gifite toni 60 z’uburemere. Nubwo nta ngaruka wateje, ariko ni ikimenyetso ko imibumbe mito ishobora kugwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, aho ari ho hose maze ikangiriza byinshyi bituye kuri uyu mubumbe.
Ese Isi yaba ifite ubwirinzi kuri iyi mibumbe imeze nk’ ibibuye bishobora kugwira isi dutuye?
Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere ni nako abashakashatsi bagerageje uburyo bwo kurinda ndetse no gukumira ibyo bibuye kuko hari abashinzwe gukurikirana umunsi ku wundi icyo ikirere n’ isanzure muri rusange gihatse.
Ni muri urwo rwego hari uburyo bwateganijwe mu gihe mu isanzure babonyeho hari ikibuye kigiye kugwira Isi, icyambere hari uburyo bwa Kinetic Impactor aho bohereza Icyogajuru kikagonga umubumbe muto nk’uko NASA yabikoze muri DART mission muri 2022.
Ikindi batekereje hari ugukoresha imirasire (Laser cyangwa Solar Sail), ubu nabwo ni uburyo bwo guhindura icyerekezo cy’iki kibuye kiba kigiye kugwira Isi bakoresheje ubushyuhe n’imirasire kigasandarira mu kirere udusate dutoya twacyo tukagera ku isi ntambaraga zo kwangiza dufite
Hari kandi n’ ikitwa Gravity Tractor aho bohereza Icyogajuru kinini kigahagarara hafi y’uwo mubumbe igihe kirekire hanyuma kikagenda gihindura icyerekezo cyawo buhoro buhoro, hari kandi n’ uburyo bwo kohereza ibisasu bya kirimbuzi (Nuclear deflection) bikagitangira ariko ubu buryo bwo burimo impungenge zikomeye cyane.
Tariki ya 30 Kamena rero si munsi si wo gushyira indabo ku mva zabahitanwe n’ impanuka z’ Isi, ahubwo ni umwanya wo kwigira ku byabaye, no gutekereza ku byago byatugwirira mu gihe tutabyiteze.
Intego nyamukuru akaba ari ugukangurira abantu akamaro ko kumenya imibumbe mito, gushyigikira ubushakashatsi n’ubwirinzi bwashyizweho n’ abahanga mu by’ Isanzure, kunoza imikoranire y’isi mu guhangana n’ibyago bishobora kuyibasira ku bufatanye bw’ibigo nka NASA, ESA, B612 Foundation, ndetse n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Tuzirikana kandi ko Isi atari agace karinzwe n’inkuta z’umuringa, hubwo ni umubumbe utemba mu isanzure, aho ibintu byose bishoboka, bityo tukazirikana ko amagara aruta amagana, kandi ko ubwirinzi nabwo bushoboka iyo habaye ubushake, ubumenyi n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga.
