Gahunda yiswe “Auto-défense civile”, ni imwe mu zafashije cyane gushobora kwica Abatutsi barenga miliyoni mu mezi atatu, nyuma yo gutangizwa na Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana mbere gato y’uko Jenoside itangira.
Ni gahunda cyangwa igikorwa cyakoreshejwe cyane mu kwica abatutsi hose mu gihugu, ariko igeragezwa ryacyo ryatangiriye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Byumba na Ruhengeri. “Auto-defense civile” yari igamije gutoranya abasore b’Abahutu bizewe kandi babishoboye bagahabwa imyitozo ya gisilikare, bayirangiza bagasubira iwabo mu makomini bagahabwa intwaro zo kujya bigisha urundi rubyiruko no kuzikoresha mu bwicanyi byitwa ko ari “ukurwanya umwanzi”.
Icyo gikorwa cyatangiye mu 1991 biturutse ku nama yatanzwe na Lt Col Gilbert Canovas wari umujyanama w’umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo za leta, muri raporo yamuhaye ku wa 30 Mata muri uwo mwaka agaragaza ko hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo guha intwaro abaturage n’imyitozo mu gice cy’Umutara, cyane cyane mu zahoze ari Komini Muvumba na Rutare.
Iyo nama yakurikiwe n’indi nama yo ku wa 09 Nyakanga 1991 yayobowe na Minisitiri w’umutekano mu gihugu, Gen. Augustin NDINDIRIYIMANA, yabereye muri Etat major y’ingabo yahuje abayobozi b’inzego z’iperereza za gisilikare n’izo muri Perezidansi ya Repuburika.
Inyandiko y’iyo nama yerekana ko yari igamije gusuzuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihuse ry’icyifuzo cyari cyatanzwe na Perezida wa Repuburika ku birebana n’umutekano w’igihugu aho yari yavuze ko “abaturage bagomba guhabwa ibikoresho biboneye kandi bihagije byo kurwana ku busugire bw’igihugu ku buryo nta muntu uzongera gutinyuka gutera igihugu mu bihe biri imbere”.
Ibyo byumvisha uruhare rwanHabyarimana mu gutanga amabwiriza yo gutoranya bamwe mu baturage bagahabwa intwaro, mbere y’uko inzego za gisilikare n’iza politiki ziga uburyo bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa no kubyihutisha.
Auto-défense civile yemeje ko Umututsi ari umwanzi w’u Rwanda ugomba gushakishwa no kwicwa
Komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside ivuga ko inama y’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo yemeje ko kugira ngo ibyasabwe na Habyarimana bishyirwe mu bikorwa, hagomba kubanza kwigwa neza ibirebana n’umwanzi uwo ariwe, akagaragazwa, nyuma hakagenwa neza uburyo bukwiye bwo guhangana na we.
Ni misiyo yahawe Etat major y’ingabo kugira ngo ikore inyigo igaragaza umwanzi w’u Rwanda uwo ari we ndetse n’uburyo bwo kumurwanya.
Inyigo yarakozwe isohoka ku buryo bw’ibanga ku wa 21 Nzeri 1992 ishyizweho umukono na Colonel Deogratias Nsabimana wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, ayigenera Perezida Habyarimana n’abayobozi b’ingabo na jandarumori hose mu gihugu kugira ngo babyigishe abasilikare n’abajandarume. Iyo nyandiko ni hamwe mu hagaragarira uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe na Leta ishyiraho imfashanyigisho yo gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
Mu by’ingenzi byanditswe muri iyo nyandiko, harimo ko “Umwanzi ntakiri muri Uganda gusa, ahubwo aherereye mu gihugu imbere”, ibisobanura gahunda yo gutanya abaturage babashyamiranya ku buryo habonekamo ababi n’abeza, bityo abeza bakica ababi babyita kwikiza umwanzi.
Inyandiko ikomeza ivuga ngo” Umubare w’umwanzi imbere mu gihugu wiyongereye”, ibyashaga kumvikanisha ko abaturage bari mu gice cy’abeza bagomba gukanguka, bakamenya ko ababi ari benshi, bityo buri wese mwiza agasabwa gushyiraho imbaraga zishoboka mu kwikiza ababi.
Iyo nyandiko isobanura uwo umwanzi ari we, ivuga ko “Umwanzi arimo ibice bibiri: Umwanzi w’ingenzi (ennemi principal) = Umututsi wo mu gihugu imbere cyangwa se uri mu mahanga utarigeze wemera revolusiyo yo muri 1959. Aho agomba gushakirwa = impunzi z’Abatutsi, ingabo za Uganda, Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu, Abagabo b’abanyamahanga barongoye Abatutsikazi, Abahutu batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho, (…) abanyamahanga bafite inkomoko imwe n’iy’Abatutsi, abakoze ibyaha bahunze igihugu. Umufasha w’umwanzi cyangwa umufatanyacyaha (partisans de l’ennemi) = ni umuntu wese umuha ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose.”
CNLG ivuga ko iriya nyandiko ari yo yagennye uburyo bwo kwita Umututsi umwanzi w’igihugu no kugena ko uwo ariwe wese uzafasha Umututsi mu buryo bwose azafatwa nk’umwanzi, bityo akicwa nk’Umututsi.
Ibikorwa byo gutoza abicanyi no kubaha uburyo n’intwaro zo gukora Jenoside muri Auto-défense civile
Indi nyandiko yerekana imiterere ya Auto-defense civile ni iyo ku wa 29/09/1991 na yo yanditswe na Col. Deogratias Nsabimana wari umukuru w’ingabo mu Mutara. Ni inyandiko yageneye Minisitiri w’ingabo ivuga ibyari byemejwe n’inama yari yabaye yo gushyiraho uburyo Auto-defense civile yakora.
Nsabimana yavuze ko inama yemeje ko mu gutoranya abazahabwa imyitozo n’intwaro, bazajya bafata byibura umuntu umwe mu mazu 10 y’abaturage (Nyumbakumi), agatoranywa na Burugumesitiri afatanyije n’inama ya Komini.
Colonel Nsabimana yanagaragaje umubare w’intwaro zigomba gutangwa ku buryo bukurikira: Komini Muvumba = 350; Komini Muhura = 580; Komini Ngarama = 530; Komini Bwisige = 300. Izatanzwe zose hamwe mu 1991ni 1760.
Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1993 no mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 1993, Colonel BAGOSORA yayoboye igikorwa cyo gutanga imbunda mu Nterahamwe zo mu Majyaruguru y’igihugu. Muri Agenda ye yo muri 1993 yerekanywe nk’ikimenyetso kimushinja mu rubanza rwe muri TPIR, hagaragajwe amapaji yanditseho ko muri Komini za Mutura, Giciye, Rubavu na Rwerere zari muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi hatanzwe intwaro 500.
Ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994 kwaranzwe ku ruhande rumwe n’ibyishimo bya bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari bishimiye ko abasilikare 600 b’Inkotanyi n’abanyapolitiki babo basesekaye i Kigali ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993, aho bari biteguye kwinjira mu nzego z’Inzibacyuho nkuko zateganywaga n’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ingabo zayo, bo ntibabyishimiye, maze batangira ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside harimo gukaza imyitozo y’Interahamwe no kuziha intwaro babyita auto-défense civile. Ibi bikorwa byose byari bigamije gukangurira abaturage b’Abahutu kumva ko Abatutsi bose ari abanzi b’igihugu bagomba kwicwa.
Kimwe mu byakozwe bikomeye ni ugushyiraho abayobozi b’iyo gahunda hose mu gihugu bashinzwe by’umwihariko kuyobora Auto-défense civile yaranzwe n’itangwa ry’intwaro, imyitozo y’abicanyi no guha Interahamwe/Impuzamugambi agahimbazamusyi. Abayiyoboye ni Colonel Athanase GASAKE Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, mu mujyi wa Kigali yari Komanda BIVAMVAGARA agafatanya na Perefe Colonel Tharcisse RENZAHO, muri Kigali Ngari yari Major Stanislas KINYONI, muri Kibungo akaba Colonel Pierre Céléstin RWAGAFIRITA, i Cyangugu akaba Colonel SINGIRANKABO, muri Gitarama yari Major Jean-Damascène UKURIKIYEYEZU, I Butare yari Colonel Alphonse NTEZIRYAYO wagizwe perefe wa Butare mu gihe cya Jenoside, ku Gikongoro yagizwe Colonel Aloyizi SIMBA, ku Kibuye aba Major JABO, mu gihe ku Gisenyi no mu Ruhengeri auto-défense civile yayoborwaga n’abakuru b’ingabo muri izo Perefegitura aribo Colonel Anatole NSENGIYUMVA ku Gisenyi na Augustin BIZIMUNGU mu Ruhengeri waje gusimburwa na Colonel Marcel BIVUGABAGABO.
Abo basilikare bakuru nibo babaye ku isonga yo gufatanya n’abategetsi b’inzego za Perefegitura na Komini gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukora Jenoside no kuyihutisha.
Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutoranya urubyiruko rw’Interahamwe ruhabwa imyitozo
Raporo y’ibanga yo ku wa 07/02/1992 yanditswe n’umukozi wari uhagarariye serivisi y’urwego rw’iperereza muri Byumba witwaga RWIRAHIRA Vincent wakomokaga muri Komini Kibilira ku Gisenyi, yerekana imigendekere y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya “auto-defense civile”. RWIRAHIRA avuga ko Minisiteri y’ingabo yemeye kuba itanze intwaro 300 zagombaga gushyikirizwa abaturage batoranyijwe muri perefegitura za Byumba na Ruhengeri; 180 zigahabwa abaturage bo muri Byumba na ho izindi 220 zigahabwa abo muri Ruhengeri.
Raporo ya Rwirahira ivuga ko kuri superefegitura ya Ngarama habaye inama yize ku migendekere ya “auto-defense civile” ikemeza ko hagomba gutoranywa abasore 250 bigakorwa mu ibanga na ba burugumesitiri bafatanyije n’inama ya komini y’umutekano, bakazoherezwa mu kigo cya gisilikare cy’i Gabiro bagahabwa imyitozo yo kwiga kurashisha imbunda kuva ku itariki 29/01 kugeza ku ya 05/02/1992.
RWIRAHIRA akomeza avuga ko inama yemeje ko umubare w’abaturage bahabwa imyitozo ugomba kuzagenda wiyongera kandi ba burugumesitiri bakazajya bakurikirana icyo gikorwa umunsi ku wundi.
Mu kigo cya GABIRO, imyitozo y’Interahamwe yayoborwaga na Kapiteni Injeniyeri Faustin NTIRIKINA na Major RWABUKWISI Vincent. Aba basilikare bombi bagize uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside; ubu ngubu NTIRIKINA aba mu Bufaransa, akaba n’umwe mu batangabuhamya bifashishijwe n’umucamanza BRUGUIERE mu binyoma bye arega u Rwanda.
Muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994, abasilikare bayoborwaga na Major NRILIKINA bari mu yitwaga batayo Huye bari bakambitse kuri Mont Kigali ni bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi i Nyamirambo, Biryogo, Nyakabanda n’ahandi.
Zimwe mu Nterahamwe zitoreje i Gabiro ni izavuye muri Komini Muvumba zirimo abitwa: MWUMVANEZA Emmanuel, NKURUNZIZA Elias wari konseye wa segiteri Karama, MUNYANDINDA Sylvestre wari umwarimu w’ubuhinzi mu baturage (moniteur agricole), KABURAME Jean Damascene, n’abandi. Izi nterahamwe zahawe imyitozo muri 1992.
Umwe mu basilikare wabahaga imyitozo witwa NDINDABAHIZI Emmanuel waganiriye na Komisiyo y’u Rwanda yakoze iperereza ku ruhare rw’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside (Komisiyo Mucyo) yayitangarije ko izo Nterahamwe zigishwaga kurasa, ariko cyane cyane bakazigisha uburyo bwo kwica abantu mu kanya gato bakoresheje ibikoresho gakondo. Umwe mu Nterahamwe zikomeye witoreje i Gabiro witwa Joseph SETIBA wari umuyobozi wazo muri Komini Shyorongi yatangarije Komisiyo Mucyo ko Interahamwe zitoreje I Gabiro muri 1992 zibarirwa hagati ya 600 na 700.
Gahunda ya Jenoside yiswe “auto-defense civile” niyo yatanzwemo imihoro
Muri gahunda yo gukora Jenoside ya auto-defense civile, hatoranyijwe urubyiruko rw’Abahutu ruhabwa imyitozo ya gisilikare, imbunda, amasasu na grenades ariko Leta inashyiraho uburyo bwo kugura imihoro no kuyikwirakwiza mu baturage mu gihe gito. Iyo mihoro ni kimwe mu bikoresho byifashishijwe n’abicanyi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Muri Gashyantare 1994, umukozi wa sosiyeti CHILLINGTON yo mu Bwongereza yemeje ko isosiyeti yabo yari imaze kugurisha u Rwanda mu mezi make, imihoro myinshi iruta kure ubwinshi iyo bari baratumije mu mwaka wose w’1993. Impapuro zisaba impushya zo kuzana ibintu mu gihugu zasuzumwe na Human Rights Watch hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, igaragaza ko toni 581 z’ imihoro zinjijwe mu Rwanda. Iyo mihoro yatumijwe yose hamwe ku giciro cya miliyoni 95 z’ amafaranga y’ u Rwanda, yatanzwe n’umunyemali KABUGA Félicien, ikwitrakwizwa mu baturage, biganjemo interahamwe.
Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bwongereza, The Sunday Times cyo kuwa 24 Ugushyingo 1996, cyagaragaje ko hagati ya Kanama n’Ukuboza 1993, sosiyeti CHILLINGTON yagurishije indi mihoro ku bakozi babiri ba sosiyete nyarwanda yitwaga RWANDEX, Eugène Mbarushimana na François BURASA. MBARUSHIMANA wari umukozi wa RWANDEX yari umukwe wa KABUGA ndetse ari n’Umunyamabanga mukuru w’ Interahamwe ku rwego rw’ Igihugu.
BURASA we yari yarasezerewe mu gisirikare ari n’umuyoboke w’ishyaka ry’ abahezanguni b’Abahutu, CDR, akaba na mwenenyina wa Jean-Bosco BARAYAGWIZA, umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’iryo shyaka. Kugura no gukwirakwiza imihoro ku baturage b’abasivili bari barahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare byari biri muri gahunda yo kwirwanaho kwa « auto-defense civile » yagaragaye muri ajenda ya BAGOSORA.
Igikorwa cyiswe “auto-defense civile” cyabaye uburyo bukomeye bwakoreshejwe na Leta ya Habyarimana mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa irimburwa ry’Abatutsi. Iki gikorwa cyafashije mu kugena urubyiruko ruzashyirwa mu bicanyi kandi bitangizwa na Perezida Habyarimana. Ni ikimenyetso ko Leta ya Habyarimana yari mu mugambi wa Jenoside.
